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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
Prairie Fire was a 188-page political manifesto published by the Weather Underground in 1974. It was written primarily by <span>Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, Jeff Jones, and Celia Sojourn and </span>articulated the radical splinter group's ideology, endorsed revolutionary violence, and, according to Jonah Raskin, "embodied a muffled desperation that underlay the bravado about Third World liberation." <span>The name for the manifesto was derived from the writings of Chinese Communist revolutionary, Mao Zedong. In his “Little Red Book,” he wrote, “a single spark can set a prairie fire" as an analogy for revolution. The ideas in the book drew not only on Maoist philosphy, but also Marxist/Leninism. The manifesto encourages a mix of mass-organizing and clandestine revolutionary violence. "Never disassociate mass struggle from revolutionary violence," the author's argued. "To leave people unprepared to fight the state," they said, "is to seriously mislead them about the inevitable nature of what lies ahead." "Prairie Fire" was distributed in radical bookstores, food coops, headshops, on college campuses and many other places that movement activists met. It was met with a combination of strong emotions throughout the Left. Ultimately, the ideological arguments articulated in "Prairie Fire" led to a new split in the Weather Underground, with some gravitating toward the "Prairie Fire Collective," which favored mass-based, above-ground revolutionary politics, and the "May 19th Communist Organization," which remained underground and pulled off the infamous Brinks robbery in 1981. </span><br /><br />Ron Jacobs, who has chronicled the history of the Weather Underground, reflects on Prairie Fire <a href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2004/07/24/the-weather-underground-s-prairie-fire-statement-thirty-years-on/">here</a> and <a href="https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/3469-a-second-wind-for-weather-underground-the-prairie-fire-statement">here</a>.<br /><br />Raskin's reflection on the manifesto on its 45th anniversary can be read <a href="https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/288105/prairie-fire-weather-underground">here</a>.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1974
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
small press publication
Bernadine Dohrn
Bill Ayers
Brinks robbery
Celia Sojourn
Jeff Jones
Jonah Raskin
Little Red Book
Mao Tse-tung
Maoism
Marxist-Leninism
May 19th Communist Organization
New Left
Prairie Fire
Prairie Fire Collective
revolution
Ron Jacobs
SDS
Students for a Democratic Society
underground
violence
Weather Underground
Weatherman
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
University Review, no. 28, April 1973
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
University Review was ;published was published by Entelechy Press in New York City. “Entelechy” is a term coined by Aristotle that has come to mean a force propelling one to self-fulfillment. According to the magazine front-matter, "UR. Universal Ragout. Ultimate Repast. Worldly in taste, stellar in ingredients, intergalactic in appeal... Food for thought. Month after month. Whet your appetite." This issue includes letters to the editor; an editorial on Allen Ginsburg, Pete Seeger and Groucho Marx; Weather Underground Communique #13; film review of Charlotte’s Web; an interview with Bernardo Bertolucci; Bobby Seale’s mayoral campaign; women in prison;
Food fads; a music review of Mahavishnu Orchestra, Bob Marley and the Wailers, David Bromberg, the Moody Blues and a set of new blues records; book reviews about drugs, Our Bodies, Ourselves, Vietnam and several books about film.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
University Review
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Allen Ginsburg
Bernardo Bertolucci
Black Panther Party
blues
Bob Marley
Bobby Seale
books
California
Charlotte's Web
David Bromberg
drugs
electoral politics
film
food
Groucho Marx
Mahavishnu Orchestra
Moody Blues
Music
New Left
Oakland
Our Bodies Ourselves
Pete Seeger
prison
Underground Press
University Review
UR
Vietnam
Weather Underground
Weatherman
Women's Liberation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leaflets, Flyers, Broadsides and Article Reprints
Description
An account of the resource
The social movements of the Sixties produced hundreds of leaflets, flyers, broadsides and reprinted articles. These items were an important part of movement culture and another important organizing tool for activists and organizations. They were mimeographed and circulated widely at meetings, through the mail and by hand.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Weatherman FBI Wanted Poster
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
This is the FBI Wanted poster for members of the Weather Underground.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
FBI
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1970
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
leaflet
FBI
New Left
underground
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RAT Subterranean News, issue 15, October 29-November 18, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
RAT Subterranean News
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 29-November 18, 1970
Description
An account of the resource
RAT Subterranean News was published in New York, starting in March of 1968 and was edited by Jeff Shero, Alice Embree and Gary Thiher, who had come North from Austin, Texas, where they worked on The Rag, another important underground paper. Whereas the East Village Other represented the counterculture point of view, RAT had a left political orientation. This issue covers a wide range of topics, including baking bread; a critique of the Weather Underground; Angela Davis; George Jackson; Quebec independence; working-class white women; American "concentration camps"; abortion; welfare rights; the Young Lords; the West Side Women's Center; a report from Asia; Black Power poetry.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Abortion
Alice Embree
Angela Davis
Anti-War
Austin
baking
Bernadine Dohrn
Bill Ayers
Black Panther Party
Black Power
bombing
bread
Canada
concentration camps
counterculture
Dave Hughey
East Village Other
feminism
Gary Thiher
George Jackson
Jane Alpert
Jeff Jones
Jeff Shero
Katherine Power
New Left
New York
New York 21
poetry
Proud Eagle Tribe
Quebec
Quebec nationalism
RAF
Rat Subterranean News
Revolutionary Action Force
Sam Melville
Soledad Brothers
Susan Saxe
Texas
Vietnam War
violence
Weather Underground
Weatherman
welfare rights
West Side Women's Center
Women's Liberation
working-class white women
Young Lords
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Liberated Guardian, vol. II, no. 5, September 1971
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Liberated Guardian Worker's Collective
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 1971
Description
An account of the resource
The National Guardian was a radical, left newsweekly published out of New York City from 1948-1992. The paper was established by James Aronson, Cedric Belfrage, who were committed activists for the Progressive Party and Henry Wallace presidential campaign, as well as John McManus and Josiah Gitt, both liberal newspaper men, though Gitt quickly dropped out. In addition to the Progressive Party, the newspaper also held ties with American communists and the labor movement. The Cold War took a toll on the newspaper, with the decline of the Progressive Party and the rise of McCarthyism in the U.S. During the post-WWII era, the newspaper focused coverage on opposition to the Cold War and militarism, support for emerging anti-colonial struggles around the world, defense of those targeted by McCarthyism, advocacy for the black freedom movement. The newspaper continued to hold a cozy relationship with the Communist Party U.S.A., though it did break with the group over some issues, particularly support for independent political action beyond party control. The 1960s-era brought a new period of political rancor within the editorial ranks of the newspaper. In the end, the periodical changed leadership and renamed itself The Guardian. The Guardian took an increasingly Maoist line, supporting armed struggles against colonialism. During this period, the newspaper attempted to forge ties with SDS and SNCC, writing that "The duty of a radical newspaper is to build a radical movement.” "We are movement people acting as journalists," the Guardian′s staff now proudly declared. The Liberated Guardian formed out of a workers strike at The Guardian newspaper in New York City in the Spring of 1970. The Liberated Guardian was notable for it strong stand in favor of armed struggle. An ideological and political split within the ranks of the Liberated Guardian staff led to the newspaper’s demise in late-1973. The original Guardian pressed on and took on a more hard-line Marxist-Leninist ideology in the late-1970s, eroding that newspaper’s reputation for investigative journalism. Readership and support for The Guardian declined through the 1980s and the paper ceased publication in 1992.
This special issue of the Liberated Guardian includes a variety of articles that explore the murder of George Jackson and the circumstances surrounding his killing.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
anti-communism
armed struggle
August 7 Movement
Black Panther Party
California
Cedric Belfrage
Cold War
Communist Party
CPUSA
George Jackson
Guardian
Henry Wallace
James Aronson
John McManus
Josiah Gitt
labor movement
Liberated Guardian
Maoism
Marxist-Leninism
McCarthyism
National Guardian
New Left
New York
Prison Reform
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Progressive Party
Rosenbergs
San Francisco
San Quentin
SDS
SNCC
Student for a Democratic Society
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Underground Press
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leviathan, vol. 1, no. 6, October and November 1969
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
Leviathan was a radical New Left newspaper loosely aligned with Student for a Democratic Society, published in 1969 and 1970. Early editorial leaders of the periodical included Carol Brightman, Beverly Leman, Kathy McAfee, Marge Piercy and Sol Yurick in New York, as well as Peter Booth Wiley, Carole Deutch, Danny Beagle, Matthew Steen, Bob Gavriner, Al Haber, Bruce Nelson, Todd Gitlin, and David Wellman in San Francisco. The paper, which took a generally serious, intellectual-minded approach to radical organizing, as opposed to the more irreverent tone of the counterculture, ceased publication in the Fall of 1970 in the wake of SDS factionalization. In this issue, articles focus on the New Left and Lenin; the role of the vanguard; a feminist critique of the economy of the movement; legal repression in the U.S. and Europe; revolutionary propaganda; international media; poems.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Leviathan Publications, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October and November 1969
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Al Haber
Beverly Leman
Bob Gavriner
Bruce Nelson
California
Carol Brightman
Carole Deutch
Danny Beagle
David Wellman
factionalization
feminism
Germany
Kathy McAfee
Lenin
Leviathan
Marge Piercy
Matthew Steen
media
New Left
New York
Peter Booth Wiley
poetry
police repression
radicalism
revolutionary propaganda
San Francisco
SDS
Sol Yurick
Students for a Democratic Society
Todd Gitlin
Weather Underground
Women's Liberation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leviathan, vol. 1, no. 7, December 1969
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Leviathan Publications, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
December 1969
Description
An account of the resource
Leviathan was a radical New Left newspaper loosely aligned with Student for a Democratic Society, published in 1969 and 1970. Early editorial leaders of the periodical included Carol Brightman, Beverly Leman, Kathy McAfee, Marge Piercy and Sol Yurick in New York, as well as Peter Booth Wiley, Carole Deutch, Danny Beagle, Matthew Steen, Bob Gavriner, Al Haber, Bruce Nelson, Todd Gitlin, and David Wellman in San Francisco. The paper, which took a generally serious, intellectual-minded approach to radical organizing, as opposed to the more irreverent tone of the counterculture, ceased publication in the Fall of 1970 in the wake of SDS factionalization. This issue includes articles on U.S. policy in Vietnam since 1969; contradictory developments in the anti-war movement; poetry; a defense of the Weather Underground; a review of the Beatles Abbey Road; corporatization, inflation and labor unions; capitalism’s investment cycle; monetary policy; letter to the editor.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Abbey Road
Al Haber
Anti-War
Beatles
Beverly Leman
Bob Gavriner
Bruce Nelson
Carol Brightman
Carole Deutch
corporatization
Danny Beagle
David Wellman
factionalization
inflation
investment cycle
Kathy McAfee
labor unions
Marge Piercy
Matthew Steen
monetary policy
New Left
New York
Peter Booth Wiley
poetry
San Francisco
SDS
Sol Yurick
Students for a Democratic Society
Todd Gitlin
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RAT Subterranean News, June 5-19, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
RAT Subterranean News was published in New York, starting in March of 1968 and was edited by Jeff Shero, Alice Embree and Gary Thiher, who had come North from Austin, Texas, where they worked on The Rag, another important underground paper. Whereas the East Village Other represented the counterculture point of view, RAT had a left political orientation. This issue covers a wide range of topics, including reflections on Vietnam; a Weather Underground communiqué; women’s oppression in Puerto Rican culture; an interview with FBI informant George Demmerle; organizational structure and principles of The Feminists; brief reports from Ceylon and France; a review of the case of Sam Melville, Jane Alpert and Dave Hughey; a Sylvia Plath poem, “The Jailer”; gynecology and sexism; labor politics in Argentina; feminism and the media; report from the Conference for Women event, titled, “Liberation – from What?”; political prisoners; city planning on the Lower East Side of New York; Dionne Donghi; American Indian Movement seizure of B.I.A. land; Panther 21 trial; ads and personals; poetry.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
RAT Subterranean News
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
June 5-19, 1970
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
A
A.I.M.
Alice Embree
American Indian Movement
Anti-War
Argentina
Austin
BIA
Black Panther Party
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Ceylon
Conference for Women
counterculture
Dave Hughey
Dionne Donghi
East Village Other
FBI
feminism
France
Gary Thiher
George Demmerle
gynecology
informant
Jane Alpert
Jeff Shero
labor
Lower East Side
New Left
New York
Panther 21
Puerto Rican Independence
Rat Subterranean News
Sam Melville
sexism
Sylvia Plath
Texas
The Feminists
The Rag
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
Women's Liberation
Young Lords
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RAT Subterranean News, February 6-23, 1970
Description
An account of the resource
RAT Subterranean News was published in New York, starting in March of 1968 and was edited by Jeff Shero, Alice Embree and Gary Thiher, who had come North from Austin, Texas, where they worked on The Rag, another important underground paper. Whereas the East Village Other represented the counterculture point of view, RAT had a left political orientation. In early 1970, women’s liberation activists took over RAT and turned it into a women-only periodical to challenge sexism within the New Left. This issue is the first after the take-over of RAT and covers a wide range of topics, including Afeni Shakur and the Panther 21; letters to the editor; women’s take-over of RAT; feminist critique of the New Left; the ambush of New York police in Harlem; the emergence of strong women leadership in the Weather Underground; Kathleen Cleaver in Algeria; sabotage; theft and activism; Boston students protesting a lecture by S.I. Hayakawa; Berkeley women take-over of karate class; a Gay Liberation Front protest at a San Francisco radio station; gas masks; women challenging doctors on abortion; sex and sexism; “Are Men Really the Enemy?” exam; John Sinclair release from prison; Palestinian women and armed struggle in Jordan; obscenity trial against Che; women in China; a Stockton, California, housewives strike; poetry; film review of “Prologue…”
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
February 6-23, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
R.A.T. Publications, Inc
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
"Prologue..."
Abortion
Afeni Shakur
Algeria
Alice Embree
armed struggle
Austin
Berkeley
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Boston
California
Che Guevara
China
East Village Other
feminism
film
Gary Thiher
gas masks
Gay Liberation Front
Harlem
housewives
Jane Alpert
Jeff Shero
John Sinclair
Jordan
karate
Kathleen Cleaver
LNS
Massachusetts
New Left
New York
obscenity
Palestine
Panther 21
poetry
Rat Subterranean News
Redstockings
Robin Morgan
S.I. Hayakawa
sabotage
San Francisco
self-defense
sexism
Stockton
Texas
The Rag
theft
W.I.
W.I.T.C.H.
Weather Underground
Women's Liberation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Protean Radish, 1971
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Protean Radish, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1971
Description
An account of the resource
This page comes from an issue of the Chapel Hill-based underground newspaper, The Radish. It features stories on Mike Told, who was caught up in the investigation of the Weather Underground bombing of the capitol in 1971, as well as an essay on grand juries.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Underground Press
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
newspaper
Anti-War
bombing
criminal justice
grand jury
guerilla tactics
Mike Tola
North Carolina
Underground Press
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New Left Notes, June 18, 1969, vol. 4, no. 22
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
June 18, 1969, vol. 4, no. 22
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
New Left Notes was the primary publication of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) national headquarters. This issue from 1969 notably features the famous essay, "You Don't Need a Weather Vane to Know Which Way the Wind Blows," by the founding members of the radical SDS splinter group, The Weather Underground, or Weathermen. The manifesto was signed by Karen Ashley, Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, John Jacobs, Jeff Jones, Gerry Long, Howie Machtinger, Jim Mellen, Terry Robbins, Mark Rudd, and Steve Tappis, and called for the creation of a clandestine revolutionary organization, stating, "The most important task for us toward making the revolution, and the work our collectives should engage in, is the creation of a mass revolutionary movement, without which a clandestine revolutionary party will be impossible. A revolutionary mass movement is different from the traditional revisionist mass base of 'sympathizers''. Rather it is akin to the Red Guard in China, based on the full participation and involvement of masses of people in the practice of making revolution; a movement with a full willingness to participate in the violent and illegal struggle." In addition, this issue of New Left Notes contains articles about the Cuban revolution, the National Liberation Front in Vietnam, as well as internal democracy in SDS.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
anti-imperialism
Anti-War
Bring the War Home
Cuba
manifesto
National Liberation Front
New Left
participatory democracy
SDS
Underground Press
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Osawatomie, June-July 1976, vol. 2, no. 2
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
June-July 1976, vol. 2, no. 2
Subject
The topic of the resource
Weather Underground
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Weather Underground summarizing the latest happenings in the underground, including a notice for an anti-colonial march in Philly, San Fran and L.A. on the bicentennial; news briefs including a short obituary of Phil Ochs; and articles about U.S. meddling in Cuba’s upcoming election; unemployment; the history of Reconstruction and its failure; “anti-imperialism vs. opportunity: a self-critique”; racism in Boston; indigenous sovereignty; and a piece of serialized fiction, “The People, The People.”
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
anti-colonialism
anti-imperialism
anti-racism
Bicentennial
Boston
California
Cuba
fiction
Los Angeles
Massachusetts
Native American rights
New Left
Osawatomie
Pennsylvania
Phil Ochs
Philadelphia
radicalism
Reconstruction
San Francisco
SDS
sovereignty
unemployment
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Osawatomie, Spring 1975, no. 1
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Spring 1975, no. 1
Subject
The topic of the resource
Weather Underground
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Weather Underground summarizing the latest happenings in the underground, including articles about solidarity on the left; racism and school desegregation crisis in Boston; poetry; population control; a toolbox on internationalism; Puerto Rican nationalism; an analysis of the roots of the economic crisis; the energy crisis; indigenous rights and the Bicentennial; the Chilean resistance; a book review of Cuban Women Now; International Women’s Day.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
anti-racism
Bicentennial
Boston
busing
Chilean resistance
Cuba
economic crisis
energy crisis
International Women's Day
internationalism
Massachusetts
New Left
population control
Puerto Rican Nationalism
radicalism
SDS
solidarity
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Osawatomie, Summer 1975, no. 2
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Summer 1975, no. 2
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Weather Underground summarizing the latest happenings in the underground, including articles about Ho Chi Minh; John Brown; revolutionary struggle; Prairie Fire; women workers; the politics of daycare; victory in Vietnam; personal reflection on Vietnam; Ponce cement strike; class struggle; imperialism and hunger; Secretary of Agriculture. Earl Butz and the politics of food in the U.S.; prisoners and class war; Mozambique independence; organizing the unemployed; book review; repression at Pine Ridge Reservation.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
underground press
Africa
anti-imperialism
Anti-War
class
class struggle
class war
day care
Earl Butz
FBI
feminism;
Ho Chi Minh
hunger
imperialism
John Brown
labor movement
Mozambique
New Left
Osawatomie
Pine Ridge Reservation
police repression
Ponce cement strike
Prairie Fire
Prisoner's Rights Movement
radicalism
SDS
Third World liberation
unemployment
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
Women's Liberation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Osawatomie, Winter 1975-76, no. 4
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Winter, 1975-76, no. 4
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Weather Underground summarizing the latest happenings in the underground, including articles about women and class; class struggle in New York; a short story about the Black Liberation Army; a reflection on John Brown; reparations for Vietnam; United Farm Workers elections; the impact of budget cuts in Massachusetts; Berkeley teachers strike; surplus labor; health hazards at work; book review; armed struggle and the Symbian Liberation Army; Puerto Rican independence.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
underground press
Anti-War
Berkeley
Black Liberation Army
budget cuts
California
class struggle; labor movement
Gerald Ford
John Brown
Massachusetts
Mike Dukakis
New York
Osawatomie
Puerto Rican Independence
radicalism
SDS
SLA
Symbian Liberation Army
teachers strike
United Farm Workers of America
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newsletter
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Osawatomie, Autumn 1975, no. 3
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Autumn 1975, no. 3
Subject
The topic of the resource
Weather Underground
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Weather Underground summarizing the latest happenings in the underground, including articles about the Weather Underground’s class analysis; the Prisoner’s Rights Movement; book reviews on radical women; the power of film; the Weather Underground bombing of Kennecott Corporation; Portuguese Revolution; toolbox on socialism; Boston busing crisis; Korea; fiction; country music.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Bernadine Dohrn
bombing
Boston
busing
class
country music
fiction
film
Kennecott Corporation
Massachusetts
media
New Left
Osawatomie
Portuguese Revolution
Prisoner's Rights Movement
radical women
radicalism
SDS
socialism
Underground Press
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newsletter
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Osawatomie, April-May 1976, vol. 2, no. 1
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
April-May 1976
Subject
The topic of the resource
Weather Underground
Description
An account of the resource
Newsletter of the Weather Underground summarizing the latest happenings in the underground, including articles about Puerto Rican Nationalism; political prisoners; the crisis of imperialism; organizing in economic crisis; solidarity with the Angolan Revolution American War; G.I. organizing; toolbox self-determination; Zionism and racism; Paul Robeson; Panama.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Angola Revolution
anti-imperialism
anti-racism
G.I. rights
organizing
Osawatomie
Panama
Paul Robeson
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Puerto Rican Nationalism
radicalism
SDS
self-determination
Weather Underground
Zionism
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Red Balloon, 1973
Description
An account of the resource
The Red Balloon Collective was a radical organization started by Mitchel Cohen, Roberta Quance and Jack Bookman at the State University of New York, Stony Brook in 1969. The group emerged out of the fragmentation of SDS in 1968. According to Cohen, Red Balloon sought to "strengthen existing movements, help people to form their own direct action collectives and underground papers, and then link them together."
Featured in this issue of Red Balloon includes a call to participate in a conference at the University of New York at Stony Brook; an analysis about the 1972 election candidates in relation to Leftist values; an article discussing how the impact of widespread Gonorrhea and Syphilis was influenced by a failing healthcare system; as well as essays on Women's Liberation and the War in Vietnam. Most of this issue analyzed how youth culture in university and high school environments can be tools for a revolution. Lyrics to the song "sung to the tune of the 'Rhythms of Revolution'" are presented on the back cover.
University officials denied permission for the Red Balloon Collective to hold the planned conference at the SUNY-Stony Brook campus. In response, two dozen members of Red Balloon barricade themselves inside the administration building, prompting helmeted law enforcement to storm the building to expel the activists.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Red Balloon Collective
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
anti-imperialism
Anti-War
Gonorrhea
Jack Bookman
Mitchel Cohen
New York
radicalism
Red Balloon
Red Balloon Collective
Roberta Quance
SDS
STD
Stony Brook
SUNY
Syphilis
Underground Press
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
Women's Liberation
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leaflets, Flyers, Broadsides and Article Reprints
Description
An account of the resource
The social movements of the Sixties produced hundreds of leaflets, flyers, broadsides and reprinted articles. These items were an important part of movement culture and another important organizing tool for activists and organizations. They were mimeographed and circulated widely at meetings, through the mail and by hand.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Call for a National Hard Times Conference
Description
An account of the resource
This pamphlet advertises the Hard Times Conference, which took place between January 30 and February 1, 1976, at the University of Illinois Circle Campus in Chicago. The conference was organized by the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee, with the support of a number of Weather Underground leaders and sought to challenge political cuts to social welfare programs, protest inflation and advocate for a guaranteed jobs and income program. The conference slogan was “Hard Times are Fighting Times.” This pamphlet discusses the accessibility of social services in urban neighborhoods, the importance of obtaining a living wage, and problems accruing from inflation. According to the Freedom Archive, the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee was “An anti-imperialist group that began as the Prairie Fire Distributing Committee in 1974 to distribute Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism, written by members of the Weather Underground Organization. After its initial publication, groups sprang up around the country to discuss the book. PFOC was formally organized in 1976 and was active in the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, and Chicago until the mid-1990s. Their work embraced a broad range of issues: international solidarity with national liberation struggles in Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa, Nicaragua and El Salvador; and with the struggles for self-determination of Puerto Rican, African-American, Mexicano, and Native peoples inside U.S. borders; support of political prisoners; opposition to white and male supremacy and support of women’s and gay liberation.”
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hard Times Conference Board
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
pamphlet
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anti-Poverty Movement
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
color print
anti-poverty
California
Call for a National Hard Times Conference
Chicago
Economic Justice
El Salvador
Freedom Archive
Hard Times Conference
Illinois
inflation
living wage
Los Angeles
Mexico
Namibia
Nicaragua
Poverty
Prairie Fire Distributing Committee
Prairie Fire Organizing Committee
Puerto Rico
San Francisco
South Africa
University of Illinois Circle Campus
Urban
Weather Underground
welfare
Zimbabwe
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Rat Subterranean News "Up Against the Wall"
Description
An account of the resource
This button was created by Rat Subterranean News, the second of two major underground newspapers coming out of New York City and features the paper's mascot. Rat was published from 1968-1970. It gained notoriety for its reporting on the siege of Columbia in 1968, the take-over of SDS by the Weather Underground, the Panther 21 trial in New York, the take-over of Alcatraz Island by the American Indian Movement and early ecology reportage. Several Rat contributors were arrested after a series of non-lethal bombings of corporate offices and military targets in late-1969 and the newspaper was overtaken by radical feminists in 1970 because of its sexism. According to an FBI report on the underground newspaper written shortly after its founding, “Only a handful of the papers strike me as having a distinct character, useful, original material, and rich, imaginative writing… The paper, named after the small, tough, and durable rodent of the underground, defined itself in a first anniversary editorial last March as an ‘experiment in participatory journalism.’”
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
RAT Subterranean News
"Up Against the Wall"
American Indian Movement
Black Panther Party
counterculture
media
New Left
Panther 21
radicalism
Rat Subterranean News
sexism
Siege at Columbia
Students for a Democratic Society
Underground Press
Weather Underground
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Revolutionary Youth Movement II," Mike Klonsky, Noel Ignatin, Marilyn Katz, Sue Eanet and Les Coleman
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anti-Vietnam War Movement
Description
An account of the resource
This pamphlet was written by members of the Chicago SDS in 1969 as a reaction to the Revolutionary Youth Movement's "Weatherman Manifesto" earlier that year. The group backed black nationalism, but placed an emphasis on a more traditional Marxist analysis of class struggle to attract the white working class to the movement. The document highlights the internal radicalization and factionalization that plagued SDS in the late-1960s and contributed to its disintegration.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
SDS
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1969
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pamphlet
Anti-War
Les Coleman
Marilyn Katz
Marxism
Mike Klonsky
New Left
New Left Notes
Noel Ignatin
radicalism
Revolutionary Youth Movement II
SDS
Sue Eanet
Vietnam War
Weather Underground
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The City Ordinance
Subject
The topic of the resource
White Panther Party
Description
An account of the resource
This document describes the repressive conditions in Boston toward leftist groups in the wake of the Weather Underground robbery of a bank in Brighton, Massachusetts. It also includes a poem by Diane di Prima.
In late-September of 1969, WU members Katherine Power, Susan Saxe, as well as two former convicts, William Gilday and Robert Velari, carrying handguns, a shotgun and a submachine gun. Gilday shot and killed Boston police officer Walter Schroeder when the police officer attempted to stop the robbery. The group escaped with $26,000 in cash, which they planned to use to finance an overthrow of the federal government.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White Panther Party
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1969
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
mimeograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
newsletter
Boston
Brighton
Diana Di Prima
Katherine Power
Massachusetts
New Left
Robert Velari
Somerville
Susan Saxe
Walter Schroeder
Weather Underground
White Panther Party
William Gilday
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Rainbow River
Subject
The topic of the resource
White Panther Party
Description
An account of the resource
Rainbow River was an underground press paper put out by the White Panther Party in Somerville, Massachusetts. In this issue, article topics include drugs, high schools and oppression, draft resistance, poetry about revolution and food coops, a Weather Underground statement and the White Panther Party 12-Point Program.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White Panther Party
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
underground press
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
newsletter
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. early-1970s
counterculture
Draft Resistance
drugs
feminism
food co-op
high school
identity politics
Massachusetts
New Left
Rainbow River
Rainbow River Tribe
revolution
Somerville
student movement
Weather Underground
White Panther Party
Women's Liberation
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leaflets, Flyers, Broadsides and Article Reprints
Description
An account of the resource
The social movements of the Sixties produced hundreds of leaflets, flyers, broadsides and reprinted articles. These items were an important part of movement culture and another important organizing tool for activists and organizations. They were mimeographed and circulated widely at meetings, through the mail and by hand.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Weatherman Songbook
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Weatherman songbook includes a dozen parodies of popular songs, with revolutionary lyrics. The songbook was written by Ted Gold, who would later die during the infamous Townhouse bomb explosion in 1970. The songbook was used at the 1969 Flint War Council.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1969
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
booklet
Flint War Council
Music
New Left
parody
songbook
Ted Gold
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Two, Three, Many Vietnams," Weatherman
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
This pamphlet describes the revolutionary organizing strategy of the Weather Underground. According to this analysis, traditional mass-based non-violent protest, like those led by the National Moratorium Committee, only serve to reinforce U.S. imperialism and stave off more radical solutions. The Weatherman see the growing radicalization of the black freedom struggle as a vanguard of a global Third World anti-imperialist struggle. The Weather Underground's main goal is to organize the white working-class, which it calls "the least organized enemies of imperialism," into a revolutionary force in solidarity with third world struggles at home and abroad. "Our organizing strategy," they explain, "consists of organizing a white fighting force of young people who are ready to side with the blacks and third world." In the end, they conclude, "This big, fat, rich motherfucking country is going to be overthrown. Being a part of a revolutionary army that joins with other revolutionary armies defeat imperialism is the greatest thing anybody could want to be."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weatherman
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1970
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pamphlet
anti-imperialism
communism
Maoism
New Left
radicalism
SDS
Third World Nationalism
Weather Underground
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"New Morning - Changing Weather" - Weather Underground Communiqué
Subject
The topic of the resource
Weather Underground
Description
An account of the resource
In December 6, 1970, in the wake of a New York townhouse explosion that killed three members of the Weather Underground, this communiqué was released and signed by Bernadine Dohrn as a response to that incident. The group’s previous communiqué, in September of 1970, came after the group helped psychedelic guru, Timothy Leary, escape from jail. Some viewed the group's help of a white countercultural figure, rather than an imprisoned black radical, as a betrayal of the group's commitment to Third World liberation. The December communique continues along those lines, by including countercultural rhetoric, praising the student movement and promoting marijuana and the use of psychedelics. The New York Panthers were critical of this communiqué's support of drug use, given their different experience as African Americans versus the middle-class white student movement. The December communiqué also attempted to offer a more human story of the Weather Undergrounds actions., explaining, “Kent and Augusta and Jackson brought to all of us a coming of age, a seriousness about how hard it will be to fight in Amerika and how long it will take us to win.” It also suggests a stronger role for women within the group, a critique of its past actions and ideology, as well as an outline of philosophical changes taking place within the organization. This communiqué was also the first time the group signed a communique as the “Weather Underground,” instead of “Weatherman.”
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Weather Underground
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Black Panther Party
counterculture
LSD
marijuana
New Left
New York Black Panther Party
New York Townhouse Bombing
SDS
Timothy Miller
Weather Underground
Weatherman
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Children’s Community School
Description
An account of the resource
The Children’s Community School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, was an experimental primary school modeled after Summerhill, the more famous alternative school in England that was popular among education reformers and counterculturists during the 1960s. The CCS, which was established in the mid-1960s, was student-led, emphasized "love and understanding" toward children and practiced equality between black and white students.
Bill Ayers and Diana Oughton, who both went on to greater fame (or, is it infamy?) as members of SDS and the Weather Underground, served as early leaders of the school. By 1968, a series of challenges forced the school's closing.
Diana Oughton created this fundraising button for the Children's Community School, which features the CCS logo, a hand drawn smiley face, and the phrase, “Kids are only newer people.”
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Children’s Community School
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Subject
The topic of the resource
Alternative Education
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. mid-1960s
Ann Arbor
Bill Ayers
Children's Community School
Diana Oughton
education
Michigan
New Left
Summerhill
Weather Underground
-
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b349455c256f6d4598da6de49a7187c6
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Crazies
Description
An account of the resource
During the late-1960s, the Crazies was a small, anarchist, New Left cell in lower-Manhattan that included Sam Melville, a former engineering technician known as “the mad bomber”; anti-war activist and writer for RAT, Sharon Krebs; Krebs’ partner, Robin Palmer, an “ex-Navy, ex-porn star, ex-deep-sea diver” turned radical; and, George Demmerle, a FBI informant who called himself “Prince Crazy” and known for wearing a purple cape and pink Roman centurion’s helmet. Members of the Crazies believed it was necessary to “bring the war home” by staging political stunts, instigating disorder and bombings. They were critical of “corporate imperialism,” specifically the US involvement in the Vietnam War, as well as social and racial inequality. They referred to these actions, which were not aimed at taking life but destroying property, as “responsible terrorism,” patterned on the actions of IRA members in Ireland and FLQ members in Canada. Members of the group helped Canadian FLQ members, who had bombed about a dozen targets over a six-month period, including the Montreal Stock Exchange, flee the country and hijack an airplane to Cuba. In 1969, they also infiltrated a $200 a plate political fundraiser at the Waldorf Astoria in New York. Disguised as waiters, Palmer and Krebs stripped naked and presented pigs’ heads on platters to the dining politicians and wealthy donors. Some members of the group also participated in the theft of explosives from a warehouse in the Bronx, which were then used by Melville and others in a series of 8 bombings in New York City in 1969 and 1970, including United Fruit, Chase Manhattan, Standard Oil and an army headquarters, among other sites. Some members of The Crazies were also connected to the Weather Underground and other radical organizations during this period. Sam Melville, who was arrested and imprisoned at Attica, was killed during the Attica Prison Uprising.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Crazies
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
late-1960s
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
anti-imperialism
Anti-War
armed self-defense
armed struggle
Bring the War Home
Chase Manhattan
FBI
FLQ
George Demmerle
informant
IRA
New Left
New York
Rat Subterranean News
revolution
revolutionary
Robin Palmer
Sam Melville
Sharon Krebs
Standard Oil
The Crazies
United Fruit
Vietnam War
violence
Waldorf Astoria
Weather Underground
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https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1158440625bc4e79b5e4a5d4a88ca12d.jpg
cd869c0d50d2e0a20e8d7408ac361d92
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
On July 16, 1978, West German, Kristina Berster, and two American accomplices were picked up by U.S. Border Patrol officials in Vermont for illegally crossing into the United States from Canada. Initially, the FBI and other law enforcement claimed Berster was a terrorist on the lamb from Germany, where she was a member of the Baader-Meinhof gang, also known as the Red Army Faction.
Baader-Meinhof was a radical, left-wing organization established in 1970 that engaged in a series of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, bank robberies and shoot-outs with police over the course of three decades, though their activity peaked in 1977. Stefan Aust, who wrote a book about the history of Red Army Faction, detailed the background and emergence of the group, “World War II was only twenty years earlier. Those in charge of the police, the schools, the government — they were the same people who'd been in charge under Nazism. The chancellor, Kurt Georg Kiesinger, had been a Nazi. People started discussing this only in the 60s. We were the first generation since the war, and we were asking our parents questions. Due to the Nazi past, everything bad was compared to the Third Reich. If you heard about police brutality, that was said to be just like the SS. The moment you see your own country as the continuation of a fascist state, you give yourself permission to do almost anything against it. You see your action as the resistance that your parents did not put up.” As Red Army Faction member, Gudrun Ennslin, is reported to have said after the death of one his comrades, “They'll kill us all. You know what kind of pigs we're up against. This is the Auschwitz generation. You can't argue with people who made Auschwitz. They have weapons and we haven't. We must arm ourselves!” Aust went on to explain the appeal of Baader-Meinhof to some West Germans, “The Baader-Meinhof Gang drew a measure of support that violent leftists in the United States, like the Weather Underground, never enjoyed. A poll at the time showed that a quarter of West Germans under forty felt sympathy for the gang and one-tenth said they would hide a gang member from the police. Prominent intellectuals spoke up for the gang's righteousness (as) Germany even into the 1970s was still a guilt-ridden society. When the gang started robbing banks, newscasts compared its members to Bonnie and Clyde. (Andreas) Baader, a charismatic action man indulged in the imagery, telling people that his favourite movies were Bonnie and Clyde, which had recently come out, and The Battle of Algiers. The pop poster of Che Guevara hung on his wall, (while) he paid a designer to make a Red Army Faction logo, a drawing of a machine gun against a red star.” Red Army Faction was organized into cells and practiced what Brazilian revolutionary Carlos Marighella called the “urban guerrilla.” According to Marghella, an urban guerrilla, was “A person who fights the military dictatorship with weapons, using unconventional methods... The urban guerrilla follows a political goal, and only attacks the government, big businesses, and foreign imperialists.” In response, West German authorities initiated a growing clamp-down on left-wing activists and lawyers, as well as critics of the government, generally.
At the same time in the U.S., legislators and law enforcement were growing increasingly concerned about “terrorism” and looking for legal and social bases to tighten strictures on so-called “terrorists.” One point of concern was the northern border with Canada. In this context, many saw the Kristina Berster case as an opportunity for U.S. law enforcement in the post-1960s era to promote this new anti-terrorism agenda. At first, the FBI Press Officer claimed the arrest “marked the first time a member of the notorious urban gang has been caught trying to enter the country.” In Burlington, Vermont, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Jerome O’Neill, stated that Berster was one of the 34 most wanted persons in the world. These were explosive claims that were picked up and repeated by national press across the country, including the New York Times. Quickly, though, those grand assertions began to unravel. West German authorities corrected FBI statements, saying that Berster was not, in fact a member of the Baader-Meinhof gang, and that they may not even be interested in extraditing her, prompting a corrected statement by the FBI. Yet, the cat was out of the bag in the U.S. media and the retraction did not change the overall tenor of coverage in the case, with most media continuing to refer to Berster as a “terrorist.”
American journalist Greg Guma has written extensively about the Berster case. In an article titled, “How disinformation turned Kristina Berster into an ‘enemy of the state,’” he described the context of growing radicalism in Germany when Berster entered the university:
“WHEN KRISTINA Berster, then 20, arrived in Heidelburg in late 1970, the student movement was well underway. The young in Germany were restless and angry, mostly about Vietnam. The rhetoric had turned revolutionary since the days of ‘Ban the Bomb!’ and the Berlin Wall. Student radicals numbered over 170,000, some of them turning gradually to Communism or Maoist ideology.
In a sense, German youth were emulating American dissent. The New Left in the US had reached a crisis point with the police riots at the Democratic Convention in Chicago and the Days of Rage, which sparked the formation of the Weather Underground. German protest erupted with demonstrations in Berlin and the bombing of two empty department stores by Andreas Baader and Gudrin Ensslin.
The purpose of the bombings, said Baader, was ‘to light a beacon’ against the consumer society. As Ensslin explained, ‘We set fires in department stores so you will stop buying. The compulsion to buy terrorizes you.’ The analysis was superficial, but it struck at the core of German complacency in an era of intensive economic development.
With their accomplices, the couple was caught and convicted on arson charges, but they found support from one of Germany’s leading leftist journalists, Ulrike Meinhof.
When they were released in 1969, pending appeal of their cases. Baader and Ensslin went underground with help from Meinhof, and on September 29, 1970, the Red Army Faction (RAF) was officially born with the robbing of three West Berlin banks. Baader said the first problem of ‘the revolution’ was finding financial support.
By early 1971, West German police were turning to automatic weapons and brutal tactics at demonstrations. Anyone who looked like a nonconformist risked a spontaneous interrogation. New search, arrest and gun laws were passed; roadblocks were a common sight on the Autobahn. The excuse for the broad extension of police powers was a nationwide search for the Baader-Meinhof group, even though the political fugitives were responsible for only five out of 1,061 bank robberies committed during their heyday. The first suspect killed by police was a 20-year-old hairdresser named Petra Schelm.
Berster was interested in psychology and grew increasingly alarmed at what she viewed as the isolation, atomization and alienation of people in West German society, as well as the frightening new psychological tactics authorities were developing against political dissidents. Berster was deeply influenced by radical concepts of therapy articulated by people like Thomas Szasz, who wrote, “The parallel between political and moral fascism is close. Each offers a kind of protection. And upon those unwilling to heed peaceful persuasion, the values of the state will be imposed by force: in political fascism by the military and the police; in moral fascism by therapists, especially psychiatrists.” After Berster was implicated by an informant as a left-wing sympathizer, she was detained and imprisoned for six months. During that time, she saw first-hand the erosion of legal rights in the West German system, as her lawyer was targeted and sanctioned by the state.
When Baader and Meinhof were arrested in 1971, they were placed in what was called “wipe-out detention.” As Guma explained, “It was a world of total sterility: luminous white, with fluorescent lights always on and all windows covered. The cells were soundproofed and filled only with white noise. In the ‘Dead Wing’ there were no visitors except lawyers and relatives. Reading materials were censored and other prisoners were never seen nor heard. When Jean-Paul Sartre saw Baader after two years in the ‘Dead Wing,’ he said, ‘This is not torture like the Nazis. It is torture meant to bring on psychic disturbances.’
Berster called this form of solitary confinement ‘the most effective way to destroy personality irreversibly. Humans are social. When you cut that off, when people are not able to talk or relate to others, an internal destruction begins. You become catatonic; somatic problems begin.’”
As a result of her own experience and the treatment of members of the Red Army Faction, Berster became increasingly interested in and involved with the prisoner’s rights movement in her country through the Socialist Patients Collective. In 1972, West German political leaders passed repressive new legislation against radicals, heightening concern that Berster and others would not receive fair trials. At the same time, growing debate divided the New Left in West Germany over the necessity of armed struggle. Berster later told supporters in Vermont that she had “problems with violence… I can’t shoot someone. I could never do violence.” As the 1970s pressed on, Berster decided to flee West Germany, spending time in Yemen, obtaining an Iranian passport and then ending up in Montreal. At her trial, Berster explained why she had crossed over to the U.S. in Vermont, “When I was in Paris, I was told that to get into the States, all you had to do was walk through Vermont’s northern border… They gave me a plan, with a map they drew, to enter from Noyan, Quebec, to Vermont.” Berster hoped to receive asylum in the U.S.
The Berster case attracted the support of a group of New Left activists in Vermont, including Roz Payne, as well as famed radical lawyer, William Kunstler, who represented Berster and saw in her case an opportunity to press back against increasing legal attacks against leftist lawyers in Germany, as well as new forms of political repression in the U.S. “This case goes far beyond Kristina Berster,” Kunstler told the press. “I am very concerned with West Germany’s treatment of so-called terrorists and the so-called left wing lawyers who defend them.” Kunstler also expressed concern over the “panic” reaction in the U.S. over the “terrorist” label, which resulted in $500,000 bail for Berster, to date the largest amount ever set for a border charge. The Berster Defense Committee in Vermont conducted a regional survey to assess public perceptions of the case and mounted rallies in support of Berster.
In October of 1978, after the longest jury deliberation in Vermont history, Berster received a mixed verdict, convicted on a felony and misdemeanor charge related to her border crossing, but acquitted of the more serious conspiracy charge. Several jurors were clearly sympathetic to Berster’s political plight and expressed hope after the trial that she might still win asylum in the U.S. The judge sentenced her to 9 months in jail, all but two weeks of which she had already served. The prosecutor in the case continued to stoke public fears about Berster, revealing to the media that Berster had spent time in Yemin. Immediately, U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service initiated deportation proceedings against Berster. Roz Payne worked as an investigator and paralegal for attorneys Bill Knsutler, Jesse Berman, Bill Kittel and Chris Davis on Berster’s immigration case. Ultimately, in 1979, a deal was brokered between U.S. and West German officials to drop the original charges against Berster and allow her to return home without a deportation order.
Reflecting on the case years later, Guma wrote:
“What to make of the Kristina Berster case? In one sense, it was a matter of human rights. Victimized by shifting international politics, a student activist whose only crime was crossing a border to seek asylum had spent almost two years in prison, in Germany and then the US.
But there was more to it than that. Berster’s case demonstrated how a campaign against terrorism can easily go off the rails, threatening anyone who actively tries to change the way society is run – from civil libertarians and prison reformers to anti-nuclear protesters and feminists. Across the country, despite claims that the days of COINTELPRO were over, reports were surfacing – harassment, covert agents provoking violence in nonviolent groups, wiretapping, political grand juries, and intrusive surveillance. As the 1970s wound down a chill was setting in, and terrorism was becoming an excuse for virtually any tactic the government found effective…
[Berster’s] US stay had revealed a few things — for example, that officials, working in and with intelligence agents, were ready to lie in court and sanction illegal surveillance, and that some media could be used to distribute rumors and falsehoods; The evidence remained circumstantial, but it also looked like Vermont had witnessed the manufacturing of a terrorist scare, an attempt to warp public perceptions for political gain. The FBI had lied, so had the prosecutor. Anyone who supported the defendant was targeted for surveillance. Then there was the simulated terrorist ‘siege.’
In essence, it looked like a concerted effort to influence public opinion, what would soon be labeled ‘perception management’ in a Defense Department manual. Basically, this tactic involves both conveying and denying information ‘to influence emotions, motives, and objective reasoning.’ The goal is to influence both enemies and friends, ultimately to provoke the behavior you want. ‘Perception management combines truth projection, operations security, cover and deception, and psychological operations,’ according to DOD.
In the Reagan years this type of operation was euphemistically labeled ‘public diplomacy,’ which was officially expanded to include domestic disinformation during the Bush I administration. In those days it was mostly about stoking fear of communism, the Sandinistas, Qaddafi, and anyone else on Reagan’s hit list. Clinton modifications were outlined in Directive 68, which still showed no distinction between what could be done abroad and at home. When Bush II took office, the name was changed again, this time to ‘strategic influence.’
Title
A name given to the resource
Asylum for Kristina Berster
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Kristina Berster Defense Committee
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1978
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
“wipe-out detention”
Andreas Baader
Auschwitz
Autobahn
Baader-Meinhof
Ban the Bomb
Battle of Algiers
Berlin Wall
Berster Defense Committee
Bill Clinton
Bill Kittel
Bonnie and Clyde
Burlington
Canada
Che Guevara
Chicago '68
Chris Davis
COINTELPRO
communism
Days of Rage
Dead Wing
Defense Department
Directive 68
FBI
George Bush
Greg Guma
Gudrun Ennslin
Heidelburg
Iran
Jean-Paul Sartre
Jerome O’Neill
Jesse Berman
Kristina Berster
Kurt Georg Kiesinger
Libya
Maoism
Marighella
Montreal
Nazism
New Left
New York Times
Nicaragua
Noyan
perception management
Petra Schelm
Qaddafi
Quebec
Red Army Faction
rike Meinhof
Ronald Reagan
Sandinistas
Socialist Patients Collective
Stefan Aust
strategic influence
terrorism
Third Reich
Thomas Szasz
U.S. Border Patrol
Vermont
Weather Underground
West Germany
William Kunstler
Yemin
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https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/2e315b9b69c90356c143bb696c95e7cd.jpg
84ece35e19e93f586a2ad4005a9ccac7
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ask the Free Wild Animals
Subject
The topic of the resource
Counterculture
Description
An account of the resource
This poster features references to the 1960s-era counterculture, like LSD and Timothy Leary and a "Weatherfreak."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
unknown
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. early-1970s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
counterculture
drugs
LSD
Timothy Leary
Weather Underground
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https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e3d288b329b927440f1537a3a327a6e4.jpg
023e0ae5311bfd3c91cc415faaed64d9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
National Hard Times Conference
Subject
The topic of the resource
Ant-Poverty
Description
An account of the resource
This poster, created by Flood Time’s Here Culture Collective for the New England Regional Office for the National Hard Times Conference, promotes the Hard Times Conference, which took place between January 30 and February 1, 1976, at the University of Illinois Circle Campus in Chicago. The conference was organized by the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee, with the support of a number of Weather Underground leaders and sought to challenge political cuts to social welfare programs, protest inflation and advocate for a guaranteed jobs and income program. The conference slogan was “Hard Times are Fighting Times.” According to the Freedom Archive, the Prairie Fire Organizing Committee was “An anti-imperialist group that began as the Prairie Fire Distributing Committee in 1974 to distribute Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism, written by members of the Weather Underground Organization. After its initial publication, groups sprang up around the country to discuss the book. PFOC was formally organized in 1976 and was active in the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, and Chicago until the mid-1990s. Their work embraced a broad range of issues: international solidarity with national liberation struggles in Zimbabwe, Namibia, South Africa, Nicaragua and El Salvador; and with the struggles for self-determination of Puerto Rican, African-American, Mexicano, and Native peoples inside U.S. borders; support of political prisoners; opposition to white and male supremacy and support of women’s and gay liberation.”
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
New England Regional Office for the National Hard Times Conference
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1976
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
anti-poverty
California
Chicago
El Salvador
Flood Time’s Here Culture Collective
Freedom Archive
guaranteed income
Hard Times Conference
Illinois
living wage
Los Angeles
Mexico
Namibia
New England Regional Office for the National Hard Times Conference
New Left
Nicaragua
Poverty
Prairie Fire
Prairie Fire Distributing Committee
Prairie Fire Organizing Committee
Puerto Rico
San Francisco
South Africa
University of Illinois Circle Campus
Urban
Weather Underground
Zimbabwe