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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
University Review, December 1974, no. 41
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
University Review was ;published was published by Entelechy Press in New York City. “Entelechy” is a term coined by Aristotle that has come to mean a force propelling one to self-fulfillment. According to the magazine front-matter, "UR. Universal Ragout. Ultimate Repast. Worldly in taste, stellar in ingredients, intergalactic in appeal... Food for thought. Month after month. Whet your appetite." This issue includes articles on the media; the trial of Inez Garcia; left politics in Portugal; William Kunstler on the trial of James Richardson; the poetry of Charles Caldwell; concert, music, film and book reviews.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Entelechy Press
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
December 1974
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
newspaper
books
Bruce Springsteen
Charles Caldwell
CIA
Entelechy Press
film
Inez Garcia
James Richardson
John Coltrane
Music
New York
North Carolina
poetry
Portugal
T.J. Reddy
Underground Press
University Review
UR
Vietnam
Weather Report
William Kunstler
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2feb1cd7c6267d09955abea8d2d69764
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Protean Radish, 1971
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Protean Radish, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1971
Description
An account of the resource
This page comes from an issue of the Chapel Hill-based underground newspaper, The Radish. It features stories on Mike Told, who was caught up in the investigation of the Weather Underground bombing of the capitol in 1971, as well as an essay on grand juries.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Underground Press
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
newspaper
Anti-War
bombing
criminal justice
grand jury
guerilla tactics
Mike Tola
North Carolina
Underground Press
Weather Underground
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Bragg Briefs
Description
An account of the resource
Bragg Briefs was one of a number of underground press newspapers created by GI's and veterans that were against the Vietnam War. Bragg Briefs was published from 1969-1975 by GI's United Against the War in Vietnam at Fort Bragg in Spring Lake, North Carolina.
This issue features letters sent in from GI's in Vietnam highlighting problems with the military, including the use of drugs, as well as articles about the financial and emotional exploitation of GI's and veterans, the reality of Project VOLAR, and the question of patriotism under the new "Modern Volunteer Army."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
GI's United Against the War in Vietnam, North Carolina
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August 1971
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anti-Vietnam War Movement
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Anti-War
Fort Bragg
North Carolina
Project VOLAR
Spring Lake
Underground Press
Vietnam War
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Black Panther, August 15, 1970
Description
An account of the resource
Inside this issue of The Black Panther are multiple articles that speak to the harassment by law enforcement against party members selling the Newspaper in Winston Salem, North Carolina, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. This issue also highlights how the Federal Bureau of Investigation infiltrated the Black Panthers with trained informants and created a fake newspaper called the "Bay State Banner." Other items include an article on “revolutionary suicide”; short pieces on the Soledad Brother; Alabama Liberation Front; Chicago Liberation School; National Chicano Moratorium Committee; police brutality in Hartford; Joan Kelley; Bobby Seale’s appeal; a call for justice for the "Los Siete de la Raza”; a two page spread of letters written to Huey Newton from children at the Black Panther Party Liberation School in San Francisco thanking him and the Panthers for the school; a critique of the American Constitution explaining institutional racism, particularly in the prison system; a message from Huey Newton to the People’s Revolutionary Constitutional Convention; a critique off integration; the N.C.C.F.; and, artwork by Emory Douglas.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
August, 15, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Aaron Douglas
Alabama
Alabama Black Liberation Front
Annette Alston
armed self-defense
armed struggle
Barron Howard
Bessie Phillips
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Bo Staff
Bobby Seale
Cambridge
capitalism
Chicago
Chicano movement
Christine Ricks
Columbus Worshey
Community Survival Programs
Compton
Connecticut
Cook County
Cornelius Jones
criminal justice
Detroit
Emory Douglas
Folsom Prison
Free Bobby
Free Los Siete
Hartford
Henry Jones
Holmsburg Prison Rebellion
housing project
Huey Newton
Illinois
integration
James McClain
Joan Kelley
Joe Brodnik
Jonathan Jackson
La Raza
Larry Smith
Leonard Colar
LeRoy Young
Liberation School
Lima
Massachusetts
National Chicano Moratorium Committee
National Committee to Combat Fascism
New Bedford
New Haven
North Carolina
Ohio
Philadelphia
Phillip Streeter
Pigs
Police Brutality
Political Prisoners
Prison Reform
Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention
Revolutionary Suicide
Rockford
Ruchell McGee
San Francisco
San Quentin
San Rafael
Soledad Brothers
Ten Point Program
violence
William Christmas
Willie Appleton
Winston-Salem
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Black Panther, October 10, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 10, 1970
Description
An account of the resource
Printed on October 10, 1970, this issue of The Black Panther is filled with various articles from other Black Panther Party chapters across the U.S., one particular article from the Philadelphia chapter compares police brutality in Philadelphia to the 1968 My Lai Massacre that took place during the Vietnam War. Another article from the Baltimore chapter highlights terrible conditions in the South Baltimore community due to episodes of police brutality and poor housing conditions. In Boston, the Panthers write about the right to free public school but are denied the right to walk freely to and from Curley School. The Bay Area National Lawyers Guild includes a "Guide to Know Your Rights" that outlines an individuals rights when stopped by law enforcement officials. Also included in this issue are articles about police repression in several cities; the case of Willie Turner, Jr; the Winston-Salem N.C.C.F.; General Motors; capitalism and dope; welfare system; Neo-colonialism and genocide; the trials of Bobby Seale and Ericka Huggins; a youth conference; a Boston bank robbery; a letter from the "Soledad 7" thanking the Black Panther Party for their support; international news shorts; and, art by Emory Douglas.
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Aaron Douglas
Albert Williams
anti-colonialism
anti-imperialism
armed self-defense
armed struggle
Atlantic City
Baltimore
Black G.I.s
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Bobby Seale
Boston
California
capitalism
Cincinnati
Clarence Debnam
criminal justice
Curley School
Dallas
Dayton
dope
drugs
Elaine Brown
Ericka Huggins
Free Bobby
Gary
General Motors
genocide
Korea
Krang Ryang Unk
Leila Khaled
Maryland
Massachusetts
National Committee to Combat Fascism
New Jersey
North Carolina
Oakland
Oakview
Ohio
Oregon
Palestine
Peggy Hudgins
Pennsylvania
People's Revolutionary Convention
Philadelphia
Pigs
Pittsburg
Police Brutality
Portland
Prison Reform
Rose Smith
Seize the Time
Soledad Brothers
Ten Point Program
Texas
The Lumpen
Thomas Porter
Toledo
Underground Press
Velma Mays
violence
welfare
Willie Turner
Winston-Salem
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Black Panther, October 16, 1971
Description
An account of the resource
Articles in this issue of The Black Panther, include: prison riots in Joliet, Illinois, Baltimore, Maryland, Alderson, West Virginia, New Orleans, Louisiana, Dallas, Texas, San Quentin, California and Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Attica, New York; the murder of Clarence Johnson; a boycott of Bill Boyette’s Liquor Store; extensive coverage of Huey Newton’s trip to China; an advertisement for a peoples tribunal aimed to indict New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and President Richard Nixon; criminal justice in Winston-Salem; a memorial poem devoted to fallen Panther George Jackson, who was shot during a prison escape attempt in San Quentin, California; and, artwork by Emory Douglas.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 16, 1971
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Aaron Douglas
Alameda
Alderson
Attica Prison Riot
Baltimore
Bill Boyette Boycott
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Brooklyn
California
China
Chou En-Lai
Clarence Johnson
criminal justice
Dallas
David Hilliard
Fleeta Drumgo
George Jackson
George Sanders
Grady Fuller
Howard Purnell
Huey Newton
Hugo Pinell
Illinois
Intercommunal News Service
John Holmes Jr.
John Rockefeller
Joliet
Larry Little
Louis Rogon
Louisiana
Luis Talamantez
Maryland
New Orleans
New York
North Carolina
People's Tribunal
Police Brutality
Prison Reform
Richard Nixon
Richard Welch
Ron Dellums
San Quentin
Texas
Underground Press
West Virginia
William Bracy
William Knowland
Winston-Salem
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Black Panther, October 4, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Description
An account of the resource
This October 4th, 1970, issue of The Black Panther includes articles about: Attica Massacre at the Attica Correctional Facility in New York State, with a statement from survivors of the massacre along with a critique of the New York prison system; prison conditions at San Quentin State Prison and Folsom Prison in California; the Boston Free Health Center; the murder of John Smith; an update on the trial of three Panthers in Winston-Salem; an interview with Marien N'Gouabi, President of the Congolese Workers' party; a statement of support for People's Republic of Congo-Brazzaville due to the political assassination of Patrice Lumumba; criticism of the California welfare law proposed by Governor Ronald Reagan; a call to sign a petition to grant Panther David Hilliard parole; a Community Survival Program in the Oakland area facilitated by Huey Newton; and, artwork by Emory Douglas.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 4, 1970
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Angela Davis People's Free Food Program
Attica Prison Riot
Bill Boyette Boycott
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Boston
Boston People's Free Health Center
Brazzaville
California
Chicago
Community Survival Programs
Congo
David Hilliard
David Hilliard Free Shoe Program
Emory Douglas
Fred Hampton
George Jackson People's Free Health Clinic
Illinois
Intercommunal News Service
John Smith
Marien N'Gouabi
Massachusetts
New York
North Carolina
People's Tribunal
Pigs
Police Brutality
Prison Reform
Ronald Reagan
Underground Press
welfare
William Knowland
Winston-Salem
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attica - Tip of the Iceberg
Subject
The topic of the resource
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Description
An account of the resource
This document explores the Attica Prison Uprising and links it to other race rebellions and massacres of the time period, including the war in Vietnam; the struggle against Apartheid in South Africa; police killings of students at Jackson State, Greensboro and Augusta, Georgia; and uprisings in Watts, Newark and Detroit. The artifact also includes a "Letter to the People of America"; a tribute to George Jackson by Angela Davis; "Demands for Albany National Action; a letter from Angela Davis to Ericka Huggins, profiles of three men in Attica during the uprising - Richard Clark, Herbert X. Blyden, and Sam Melville; a reprint of a New York Times article by Tom Wicker, "The Animals at Attica"; and a statement released by prisoners at Attica on 9/20/71.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Attica Liberation Faction
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. early-1970s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
mimeograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
leaflet
Albany
Angela Davis
Apartheid
Attica Prison Riot
Augusta
Black Power
Detroit.
Ericka Huggins
George Jackson
Georgia
Greensboro
Herbert X. Blyden
Jackson State
Los Angeles
Michigan
Mississippi
Nelson Rockefeller
New Jersey
New York
New York Times
Newark
North Carolina
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Richard Clark
Sam Melville
South Africa
Tom Wicker
Vietnam War
Watts
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Assata Shakur - Free All Black Liberation Fighters
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Description
An account of the resource
Assata Olugbala Shakur is a political activist, author, fugitive and aunt of hip-hop artist, Tupac Shakur. She was born in 1947 in New York City, JoAnne Deborah Byron. Following her parents’ divorce, Byron spent much of her childhood moving between her grandparents and other family in Wilmington, North Carolina, and New York City, where her mother moved after she remarried. As a student at the Borough of Manhattan Community College and then City College of New York, Byron was exposed to African American history and Black Nationalism, which made a significant impact on her political development. She met her husband, Louis Chesimard, and began participating in the student movement, anti-war activism and the struggle for black liberation. In 1970, while visiting Oakland, California, Byron met members of the Black Panther Party and joined the Harlem branch upon her return to New York, where she worked with the breakfast program. Frustrated with the Black Panther Party’s unwillingness to work with other black radical organizations, Byron left the party in 1971 and joined the Black Liberation Army, an underground Black Power group whose goal was to “take up arms for the liberation and self-determination of black people in the United States.” In her autobiography, she wrote, “the Black Liberation Army was not a centralized, organized group with a common leadership and chain of command. Instead there were various organizations and collectives working together and simultaneously independent of each other.” The group believed "the character of reformism is based on unprincipled class collaboration with our enemy" and asserted the following principles:
1. That we are anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist, anti-racist, and anti-sexist.
2. That we must of necessity strive for the abolishment of these systems and for the institution of Socialistic relationships in which Black people have total and absolute control over their own destiny as a people.
3. That in order to abolish our systems of oppression, we must utilize the science of class struggle, develop this science as it relates to our unique national condition.
It was also at this time that Byron changed her name to Assata (“she who struggles”) Olugbala (“love for the people”) Shakur (“the thankful”).
In 1972, the FBI issued a warrant for Shakur’s arrest for alleged crimes committed by the BLA and was the subject of a multi-state manhunt by law-enforcement. During a traffic stop on the New Jersey Turnpike in 1973, Sundiata Acoli Zayd Malik Shakur and Assata Shakur got into an altercation with two police officers, Werner Foerster and James Harper. The incident resulted in the deaths of Zayd Shakur and Foerster. Harper and Assata Shakur were also wounded in the shoot-out. Over the next few years, beteen 1973 and 1977, Shakur was charged with a variety of crimes related to the 1973 incident and others, including murder, attempted murder, armed robbery, bank robbery and kidnapping. Six of the charged were ultimately dismissed, though she was convicted of Foerster’s murder and seven other felonies related to that incident in 1977 and sentenced to life in prison plus thirty years. Many black liberation and New Left activists argued that Shakur did not receive a fair trial. In 1979, three members of the BLA helped Shakur escape from prison. For the next few years, Shakur lived underground, ultimately fleeing the U.S. for Cuba in 1984, where she was reunited with her daughter, who had been born in prison while she was on trial. Shakur continues to live in Cuba and remains on the FBI’s list of “most wanted terrorists.”
The quotation printed on this poster is from a letter Shakur wrote on July 4, 1973 from prison. The full letter is here:
Black brothers, Black sisters, i want you to know that i love you and i hope that somewhere in your hearts you have love for me. My name is Assata Shakur (slave name joanne chesimard), and i am a revolutionary. A Black revolutionary. By that i mean that i have declared war on all forces that have raped our women, castrated our men, and kept our babies empty-bellied.
I have declared war on the rich who prosper on our poverty, the politicians who lie to us with smiling faces, and all the mindless, heart-less robots who protect them and their property.
I am a Black revolutionary, and, as such, i am a victim of all the wrath, hatred, and slander that amerika is capable of. Like all other Black revolutionaries, amerika is trying to lynch me.
I am a Black revolutionary woman, and because of this i have been charged with and accused of every alleged crime in which a woman was believed to have participated. The alleged crimes in which only men were supposedly involved, i have been accused of planning. They have plastered pictures alleged to be me in post offices, airports, hotels, police cars, subways, banks, television, and newspapers. They have offered over fifty thousand dollars in rewards for my capture and they have issued orders to shoot on sight and shoot to kill.
I am a Black revolutionary, and, by definition, that makes me a part of the Black Liberation Army. The pigs have used their newspapers and TVs to paint the Black Liberation Army as vicious, brutal, mad-dog criminals. They have called us gangsters and gun molls and have compared us to such characters as john dillinger and ma barker. It should be clear, it must be clear to anyone who can think, see, or hear, that we are the victims. The victims and not the criminals.
It should also be clear to us by now who the real criminals are. Nixon and his crime partners have murdered hundreds of Third World brothers and sisters in Vietnam, Cambodia, Mozambique, Angola, and South Africa. As was proved by Watergate, the top law enforcement officials in this country are a lying bunch of criminals. The president, two attorney generals, the head of the fbi, the head of the cia, and half the white house staff have been implicated in the Watergate crimes.
They call us murderers, but we did not murder over two hundred fifty unarmed Black men, women, and children, or wound thousands of others in the riots they provoked during the sixties. The rulers of this country have always considered their property more important than our lives. They call us murderers, but we were not responsible for the twenty-eight brother inmates and nine hostages murdered at attica. They call us murderers, but we did not murder and wound over thirty unarmed Black students at Jackson State—or Southern State, either.
They call us murderers, but we did not murder Martin Luther King, Jr., Emmett Till, Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, George Jackson, Nat Turner, James Chaney, and countless others. We did not murder, by shooting in the back, sixteen-year-old Rita Lloyd, eleven-year-old Rickie Bodden, or ten-year-old Clifford Glover. They call us murderers, but we do not control or enforce a system of racism and oppression that systematically murders Black and Third World people.
Although Black people supposedly comprise about fifteen percent of the total amerikkkan population, at least sixty percent of murder victims are Black. For every pig that is killed in the so-called line of duty, there are at least fifty Black people murdered by the police.
Black life expectancy is much lower than white and they do their best to kill us before we are even born. We are burned alive in fire-trap tenements. Our brothers and sisters OD daily from heroin and methadone. Our babies die from lead poisoning. Millions of Black people have died as a result of indecent medical care. This is murder. But they have got the gall to call us murderers.
They call us kidnappers, yet Brother Clark Squires (who is accused, along with me, of murdering a new jersey state trooper) was kidnapped on April z, 1969, from our Black community and held on one million dollars' ransom in the New York Panther 21 conspiracy case. He was acquitted on May 13, 1971, along with all the others, of 156 counts of conspiracy by a jury that took less than two hours to deliberate. Brother Squires was innocent. Yet he was kidnapped from his community and family. Over two years of his life was stolen, but they call us kidnappers. We did not kidnap the thousands of Brothers and Sisters held captive in amerika's concentration camps. Ninety percent of the prison population in this country are Black and Third World people who can afford neither bail nor lawyers.
They call us thieves and bandits. They say we steal. But it was not we who stole millions of Black people from the continent of Africa. We were robbed of our language, of our Gods, of our culture, of our human dignity, of our labor, and of our lives. They call us thieves, yet it is not we who rip off billions of dollars every year through tax evasions, illegal price fixing, embezzlement, consumer fraud, bribes, kickbacks, and swindles. They call us bandits, yet every time most Black people pick up our paychecks we are being robbed. Every time we walk into a store in our neighborhood we are being held up. And every time we pay our rent the landlord sticks a gun into our ribs.
They call us thieves, but we did not rob and murder millions of Indians by ripping off their homeland, then call ourselves pioneers. They call us bandits, but it is not we who are robbing Africa, Asia, and Latin America of their natural resources and freedom while the people who live there are sick and starving. The rulers of this country and their flunkies have committed some of the most brutal, vicious crimes in history. They are the bandits. They are the murderers. And they should be treated as such. These maniacs are not fit to judge me, Clark, or any other Black person on trial in amerika. Black people should and, inevitably, must determine our destinies.
Every revolution in history has been accomplished by actions, al-though words are necessary. We must create shields that protect us and spears that penetrate our enemies. Black people must learn how to struggle by struggling. We must learn by our mistakes.
I want to apologize to you, my Black brothers and sisters, for being on the new jersey turnpike. I should have known better. The turnpike is a checkpoint where Black people are stopped, searched, harassed, and assaulted. Revolutionaries must never be in too much of a hurry or make careless decisions. He who runs when the sun is sleeping will stumble many times.
Every time a Black Freedom Fighter is murdered or captured, the pigs try to create the impression that they have quashed the movement, destroyed our forces, and put down the Black Revolution. The pigs also try to give the impression that five or ten guerrillas are responsible for every revolutionary action carried out in amerika. That is nonsense. That is absurd. Black revolutionaries do not drop from the moon. We are created by our conditions. Shaped by our oppression. We are being manufactured in droves in the ghetto streets, places like attica, san quentin, bedford hills, leavenworth, and sing sing. They are turning out thousands of us. Many jobless Black veterans and welfare mothers are joining our ranks. Brothers and sisters from all walks of life, who are tired of suffering passively, make up the BLA.
There is, and always will be, until every Black man, woman, and child is free, a Black Liberation Army. The main function of the Black Liberation Army at this time is to create good examples, to struggle for Black freedom, and to prepare for the future. We must defend ourselves and let no one disrespect us. We must gain our liberation by any means necessary.
It is our duty to fight for our freedom.
It is our duty to win.
We must love each other and support each other.
We have nothing to lose but our chains.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Right edge has "Jackrabbit Press 464 Willamette Eugene Oregon" printed in black and a black stamp for the Assatta Shakur Defense Committee.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1973
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
Angola
anti-imperialism
Anti-War
Assata Shakur
Attica Prison
Bedford Hills Prison
Black Liberation Army
black nationalism
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Borough of Manhattan Community College
Cambodia
City College of New York
Clark Squires
COINTELPRO
Cuba
Emmett Till
FBI
George Jackson
James Chaney
James Harper
JoAnne Deborah Byron
Jr.
Leavenworth Prison
Louis Chesimard
Malcolm X
Martin Luther King
Medgar Evers
MLK
Mozambique
Nat Turner
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Pigs
San Quentin Prison
Sing Sing Prison
South Africa
student movement
Sundiata Acoli
Third World liberation
Tupac Shakur
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Watergate
Werner Foerster
Wilmington
Zayd Malik Shakur
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/be60720785b0acfa540f7a184696da52.jpg
bdb9bf8e436f2ed85fef87f67b092c77
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Zimbabwe Liberation Day
Subject
The topic of the resource
Third World Liberation
Description
An account of the resource
This poster, promotes a Zimbabwe Liberation Day event in Pittsburgh, sponsored by the local chapter of the African Liberation Support Committee. According to the African Activist Archive, “The African Liberation Support Committee (ALSC), a black activist organization that supported Pan Africanism, was organized at a conference in September 1972 in Detroit, Michigan. ALSC grew out of the first African Liberation Day (ALD) on May 27, 1972 that drew some 60,000 demonstrators in cities across the U.S. and Canada. The first ALD grew out of a trip of a group of black activists to Mozambique's liberated areas in the summer of 1971. One of the activists on that trip was Owusu Sadaukai who, upon his return, convened a meeting in Greensboro, North Carolina that led to the first ALD demonstration, which was designed to show support for African liberation struggles. A second ALSC conference was held in 1974 and was attended by 51 local committees from 27 states and six countries. ALSC organized African Liberation Day each May, and in 1973 demonstrations were held in more than 30 cities with an estimated 100,000 participants. The 1973 African Liberation Day included a call to boycott Portuguese products and Gulf Oil because of its operation in Angola. By 1974 ideological conflicts and other factors including class and regional differences weakened the organization. Many of those who had been involved in ALSC went on to found or join other organizations supporting African struggles against colonialism and apartheid.” During the late-1970s, the United States and Soviet Union engaged in diplomatic maneuvers to discuss Cold War politics on the African continent, including Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia).
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
unknown
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. late-1970s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
African Liberation
African Liberation Day
African Liberation Support Committee
Angola
anti-colonialism
Canada
demonstration
Detroit
Greensboro
Jimmy Carter
Leonid Brezhnev
Michigan
Mozambique
North Carolina
Owusu Sadaukai
Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh
Portuguese
Rhodesia
Soviet Union
Third World liberation
Zimbabwe Liberation Day