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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
City Star, June 1973, vol. 1, no. 2
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Liberated Guardian formed out of a workers strike at The Guardian newspaper in New York City in the Spring of 1970. The Liberated Guardian was notable for it strong stand in favor of armed struggle. An ideological and political split within the ranks of the Liberated Guardian staff led to the newspaper’s demise in late-1973 and the creation of a new, short-lived newspaper called the New York City Star.
In this issue, articles focus on the killing of Clifford Glover; Black Liberation Army; African Liberation Day; daycare centers; school board politics; a union drive at Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital; Carlos Feliciano trial; defeat of a local gay rights ordinance; Rockefeller drug laws; bike trails in NYC; Head Start; May Day; energy crisis; Chrysler and racism; Wounded Knee; behavior modification in prison; international political briefs; Middle East politics; Quaaludes; gay liberation; women’s liberation poetry; Watergate crossword puzzle; and music, book and film reviews.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
City Star
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
June 1973
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
newspaper
African Liberation Day
bike trails
Black Liberation Army
Cambodia
Carlos Feliciano
Chrysler
City Star
Clifford Glover
Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital
daycare
drug laws
education
energy crisis
Gay Liberation
Head Start
Israel
Jamaica
Lebanon
Liberated Guardian
Local 1199
May Day
Middle East
Nelson Rockefeller
New Left
New York City
Palestine
prison
quaaludes
racism
Richard Nixon
Underground Press
Vietnam War
Watergate
Women's Liberation
Wounded Knee
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Black Panther, October 9, 1970
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 9, 1970
Description
An account of the resource
In this issue of The Black Panther, published on October of 1970, articles focus on the death of Joyce Annette Henderson; a tribute article and poem to Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter; diphtheria epidemic; the People’s Free Busing to Prison Program; police repression in Detroit; the aftermath and continued oppressive conditions inside of Attica Prison; the Angela Davis People's Free Food Program and the David Hilliard Free Shoe Program; a special tribute to "Heroic Guerilla’s”; a petition to indict Richard Nixon and Nelson Rockefeller; a notice of Huey Newton's trial at the Alameda Courthouse in California and artwork by Emory Douglas
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter
Angela Davis People's Free Food Program
Attica Prison Riot
Black Panther Party
David Hilliard Free Shoe Program
Detroit
diphtheria
Emory Douglas
Huey Newton
Intercommunal News Service
Joyce Annette Henderson
Nelson Rockefeller
People’s Free Busing to Prison Program
Richard Nixon
Underground Press
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Attica - Tip of the Iceberg
Subject
The topic of the resource
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Description
An account of the resource
This document explores the Attica Prison Uprising and links it to other race rebellions and massacres of the time period, including the war in Vietnam; the struggle against Apartheid in South Africa; police killings of students at Jackson State, Greensboro and Augusta, Georgia; and uprisings in Watts, Newark and Detroit. The artifact also includes a "Letter to the People of America"; a tribute to George Jackson by Angela Davis; "Demands for Albany National Action; a letter from Angela Davis to Ericka Huggins, profiles of three men in Attica during the uprising - Richard Clark, Herbert X. Blyden, and Sam Melville; a reprint of a New York Times article by Tom Wicker, "The Animals at Attica"; and a statement released by prisoners at Attica on 9/20/71.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Attica Liberation Faction
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. early-1970s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
mimeograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
leaflet
Albany
Angela Davis
Apartheid
Attica Prison Riot
Augusta
Black Power
Detroit.
Ericka Huggins
George Jackson
Georgia
Greensboro
Herbert X. Blyden
Jackson State
Los Angeles
Michigan
Mississippi
Nelson Rockefeller
New Jersey
New York
New York Times
Newark
North Carolina
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Richard Clark
Sam Melville
South Africa
Tom Wicker
Vietnam War
Watts
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
We Are Attica: Interviews with Prisoners from Attica
Subject
The topic of the resource
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
created by Attica Defense Committee and published Great Jones Printing Company
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. early-1970s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
pamphlet
Description
An account of the resource
The Attica Prison uprising, which took place in upstate New York in September of 1971, was the largest prison rebellion since the Civil War. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, a prisoner’s rights movement emerged across the U.S. At the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, prisoners complained about chronic overcrowding, censorship of letters, poor living conditions that limited them to one shower per week and one roll of toilet paper each month. Puerto Rican and African American prisoners, who made up a majority of the inmate population received especially harsh and discriminatory treatment, including the lowest-paying jobs, racial harassment and violence from the primarily white guards. Emboldened by the spirit of the Black Power movement and radical ideology, some inmates saw themselves as “political prisoners.”
As their demands continued to go unmet, the situation at Attica became increasingly volatile. On the morning of September 9, 1971, a small group of prisoners overpowered guards, spurring a more wide-spread uprising at the prison. In the initial chaos, Correction Officer, William Quinn, was badly beaten and thrown out a second floor window, which resulted in his death a few days later. Ultimately, a group of inmate leaders restored order within the prison and began negotiating with outside authorities, including Governor Nelson Rockefeller, through intermediaries that included noted civil rights attorney, William Kunstler, and New York Times columnist, Tom Wicker. Prisoners also requested Louis Farrakhan, from the Nation of Islam, but he refused. One leader of the prisoners, 21-year old, L.D. Barkley, famously said in an early statement, “We are men! We are not beasts and we do not intend to be beaten or driven as such. The entire prison populace, that means each and every one of us here, have set forth to change forever the ruthless brutalization and disregard for the lives of the prisoners here and throughout the United States. What has happened here is but the sound before the fury of those who are oppressed. We will not compromise on any terms except those terms that are agreeable to us. We’ve called upon all the conscientious citizens of America to assist us in putting an end to this situation that threatens the lives of not only us, but of each and every one of you, as well.” Prisoners issued a list of demands, such as better education and food quality, fair visitation rights, improved medical treatment and sanitation, less mail censorship, more religious freedom, fairer disciplinary and parole processes, an end to brutality from guards and, most controversially, amnesty for crimes committed in the course of the riot itself.
Gov. Nelson A Rockefeller refused to visit the prison during the take-over, instead breaking off negotiations and ordering state troopers and guards to retake Attica by force. During the siege, law enforcement shot indiscriminately, killing 9 of 42 hostages, as well as 33 prisoners. Retaliation against inmates by prison authorities was pervasive, including beatings, torture, burning, and sexual abuse. Evidence suggests Barkley initially surrendered along with other prisoners, but that officers searched him out then shot him in the back.
The New York State Special Commission on Attica later wrote, "With the exception of Indian massacres in the late 19th century, the State Police assault which ended the four-day prison uprising was the bloodiest one-day encounter between Americans since the Civil War." The rebellion at Attica did ultimately result in some modest prison reform, including a grievance procedure and more regular communication between prison authorities and prisoner representatives. In addition, lawyers successfully defended the prisoners who were indicted after the uprising and many years later obtained $8 million from the state for some of the survivors and the families of the dead. Similarly, the State of New York agreed to a $12 million settlement with the families of slain prison employees.
In the decades since, the Attica uprising has continued to carry political and cultural currency, referenced in books, film, television, music and poetry. According to Heather Ann Thompson, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning 2016 book, Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy, the tragedy at Attica “shows the nation that even the most marginalized citizens will never stop fighting to be treated as human beings. It testifies to this irrepressible demand for justice. This is Attica’s legacy.”
This pamphlet includes a chronology of events and a series of interviews with prisoners from Attica, including Roger Champen, Frank Lott, Donald Noble, Jerome Rosenberg, George Nieves, Carl Jones-El and Frank Smith.
Attica Defense Committee
Attica Prison
Attica Prison Riot
Black Power
Carl Jones-El
Donald Noble
Frank Lott
Frank Smith
George Nieves
identity politics
Jerome Rosenberg
L.D. Barkley
Liberated Guardian
Louis Farrakhan
Nelson Rockefeller
New York
New York State Special Commission on Attica
New York Times
Prisoner's Rights Movement
Puerto Rican Nationalism
Roger Champen
Tom Wicker
William Kunstler
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https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f07181dd1106061231ad6b10f4922876.jpg
69485a6c602a0c8f32bd576205a09f33
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Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Attica
Description
An account of the resource
The Attica Prison uprising, which took place in upstate New York in September of 1971, was the largest prison rebellion since the Civil War. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, a prisoner’s rights movement emerged across the U.S. At the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, prisoners complained about chronic overcrowding, censorship of letters, poor living conditions that limited them to one shower per week and one roll of toilet paper each month. Puerto Rican and African American prisoners, who made up a majority of the inmate population received especially harsh and discriminatory treatment, including the lowest-paying jobs, racial harassment and violence from the primarily white guards. Emboldened by the spirit of the Black Power movement and radical ideology, some inmates saw themselves as “political prisoners.”
As their demands continued to go unmet, the situation at Attica became increasingly volatile. On the morning of September 9, 1971, a small group of prisoners overpowered guards, spurring a more wide-spread uprising at the prison. In the initial chaos, Correction Officer, William Quinn, was badly beaten and thrown out a second floor window, which resulted in his death a few days later. Ultimately, a group of inmate leaders restored order within the prison and began negotiating with outside authorities, including Governor Nelson Rockefeller, through intermediaries that included noted civil rights attorney, William Kunstler, and New York Times columnist, Tom Wicker. Prisoners also requested Louis Farrakhan, from the Nation of Islam, but he refused. One leader of the prisoners, 21-year old, L.D. Barkley, famously said in an early statement, “We are men! We are not beasts and we do not intend to be beaten or driven as such. The entire prison populace, that means each and every one of us here, have set forth to change forever the ruthless brutalization and disregard for the lives of the prisoners here and throughout the United States. What has happened here is but the sound before the fury of those who are oppressed. We will not compromise on any terms except those terms that are agreeable to us. We’ve called upon all the conscientious citizens of America to assist us in putting an end to this situation that threatens the lives of not only us, but of each and every one of you, as well.” Prisoners issued a list of demands, such as better education and food quality, fair visitation rights, improved medical treatment and sanitation, less mail censorship, more religious freedom, fairer disciplinary and parole processes, an end to brutality from guards and, most controversially, amnesty for crimes committed in the course of the riot itself.
Gov. Nelson A Rockefeller refused to visit the prison during the take-over, instead breaking off negotiations and ordering state troopers and guards to retake Attica by force. During the siege, law enforcement shot indiscriminately, killing 9 of 42 hostages, as well as 33 prisoners. Retaliation against inmates by prison authorities was pervasive, including beatings, torture, burning, and sexual abuse. Evidence suggests Barkley initially surrendered along with other prisoners, but that officers searched him out then shot him in the back.
The New York State Special Commission on Attica later wrote, "With the exception of Indian massacres in the late 19th century, the State Police assault which ended the four-day prison uprising was the bloodiest one-day encounter between Americans since the Civil War." The rebellion at Attica did ultimately result in some modest prison reform, including a grievance procedure and more regular communication between prison authorities and prisoner representatives. In addition, lawyers successfully defended the prisoners who were indicted after the uprising and many years later obtained $8 million from the state for some of the survivors and the families of the dead. Similarly, the State of New York agreed to a $12 million settlement with the families of slain prison employees.
In the decades since, the Attica uprising has continued to carry political and cultural currency, referenced in books, film, television, music and poetry. According to Heather Ann Thompson, author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning 2016 book, Blood in the Water: The Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and Its Legacy, the tragedy at Attica “shows the nation that even the most marginalized citizens will never stop fighting to be treated as human beings. It testifies to this irrepressible demand for justice. This is Attica’s legacy.”
Source
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Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1971
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Subject
The topic of the resource
Prisoner's Rights Movement and Black Power
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
unknown
Attica Prison Riot
Black Power
Heather Ann Thompson
L.D. Barkley
Louis Farrakhan
Nation of Islam
Nelson Rockefeller
New York State Special Commission on Attica
Prison Reform
Tom Wicker
uprising
William Kunstler
William Quinn