1
50
16
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/aa2372f96f714b5af6becfddd471ce1c.jpg
4591ee6b3e6faa3bf5c81c3c8c52b34c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/d62f070198a40fb3f3c55bc3766ade18.jpg
54c7015cca9ccb6afdae74ec2a7cbfb2
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b6ee7ee02abcd8cb4ebd90664cb92151.jpg
29382543b30c82c0a20de67f1b66395c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7e11d9abbb17f761f527f8d91a8ecddf.jpg
f8944c8dda7e3ba5e9b8f6c0ba8fe2f8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/71016a53fb888d28451b8cc5723aaaeb.jpg
073f7f86eda0026ad5588eb2cc0cebee
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c0f72a66343dd149b2f548c97f8fd1d9.jpg
acdcf7f3890d83e9a2666d6fdf83b14b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e735832d0c4f344dac85416f2c5f7f17.jpg
f8944c8dda7e3ba5e9b8f6c0ba8fe2f8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/25ac7cb2543cef28e6b6c9ca91ed2526.jpg
073f7f86eda0026ad5588eb2cc0cebee
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4f16249d62815d9194af5c2c8a540084.jpg
acdcf7f3890d83e9a2666d6fdf83b14b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a0628d87ffba6006840f2057742254fa.jpg
34f2e8bd1de350c25a335e902a0a690c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4eb4a73741c601fa5c6a8d16d18ab8d2.jpg
d9d1b9e47bc0adc576b0f2be555c3b3b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c237f1c1f040fd379865d2064fe8bb9a.jpg
39503796b0f9f8da25cc00616f49941d
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a1d945f489df8231708c8904a86b9a98.jpg
72a956590d050ce0d1a7f307c4427053
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ccaad87a48e79f7fa7b5e2059f1a84fb.jpg
16aaa979e2051cd41e8c0a5bc89206a7
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/df8759631cc9bc31fbd920b3295b17f7.jpg
dc078bf3643f0d7d17d5dbb53ffb562b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b8e676af10c2ee4595a322f2c964e051.jpg
cf7c1fa48fefa3e74fb2682dd97a2ce5
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/139459d62049ec54f5d946fc35089f19.jpg
35ad607921a43656432523a92e7a648d
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/11151ab1487dc2927b44976f7b4e1065.jpg
40e8f28c70b24dba8464dfedc238bf00
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/9dd2f207de2b829b25c7e88930717bdc.jpg
b42d71bf1a8be43618633f1800c11185
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f592537f625f0e9a2113b46c3881fe23.jpg
823072150628fa3d7559a2d4cdeeb936
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/69e89728c9e1bcae986f106f97b8414e.jpg
cd0967d82f1f43bdf34c75e022695cfd
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/6da49e333939def5a4d00f01a2a7ed0a.jpg
4ea9d2541566e18e296567191471247d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ann Arbor Sun, December 1974
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Ann Arbor Sun was a newspaper founded by John Sinclair in November 1968 as a vehicle for the White Panther Party. In the 1970s, the newspaper transitioned into an independent publication covering local issues, left-wing politics, music, and arts. Finally in 1976, publication was suspended indefinitely.
This issue includes articles on the Oneida community; military intelligence and the Ann St. Armory; Midland Nuclear Plant; rent control; food coops; community radio; the Rockefellers and oil industry; Warren Commission; “Planet News”; the sugar industry; consumer’s guide to stereos; the great quadrophonic sound debate; music reviews; community calendar; letters.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ann Arbor Sun, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
December 1974
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
newspaper
Aerosmith;
Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor Sun
Ann St. Armory
community radio
counterculture
environmentalism
Eric Dolphy
Freddie King
Gladys Knight
Jan Hammer
Jerry Goodman
John Sinclair
Julian Preister
Lee Harvey Oswald
Linda Ronstadt
Michigan
Midland Nuclear Plant
military intelligence
New Left
nuclear power
oil industry
Oneida community
People's Bicentennial
Pepe Mtoto
quadrophonic sound
Radio King
rent control; food coops
Rockefeller
stereo
Steven Grossman
sugar industry
surveillance
Underground Press
Warren Commission
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/80f22ba18f640ac6d31cc40ca25c56b6.jpg
92c9d6cf344e0027024e6482ffc004f5
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4629a68baf67837ea058b538fae30c9e.jpg
b40ff85a18249b50fca2423e7b32b711
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/99ba43e81e59e39060a7deca6bbec0b1.jpg
c1a7c38b2b297dc07772644073fdfdb4
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/435acb5336bd738c6bbd065a14e925fe.jpg
512b898ab87fd5b477198e23e9d65a05
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4578867e25c863176dd5d3d4ff5f0b46.jpg
1841d5e8ebbf3258a0ca60fc59f8bd43
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/23e6de5bd8ef859a7810091dada66f6a.jpg
53298d6e576fa1052dff9ea5acde9e5e
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7a4c2179476981c0fdec9ab9dc8aa1c9.jpg
9f7d526bd5ee21e44e2efd163b4e2356
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b70009e7ee55437f10b245c55c977f85.jpg
88c11d2247a724ac67db10778f2fa44b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/3d3ecbaeb0ead2f36f02514e4ecce0cf.jpg
a7225b186a94363f78016fbbfd51d5c7
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/6b928568b45f5e6e51924937f65c8fd8.jpg
c676f2ed7d2cc87d857b1bb108495eba
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/0a088c83363d7187fa3c2f97b1a00f25.jpg
007e37ad2b0fa4fbf2828ade601ef603
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4c42132c3e3be5f024b0497b9c3cf006.jpg
0284a6259a47ab0e548689758dac991b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/83cf0729b0b7f688788f407c0b08ae3b.jpg
68923e71f9a28169209a53e4e8a2c87b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e257b3fdeead89b2190406a89d30e501.jpg
4f3aaf0cb270e735b3abe56e1c2debaa
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4937415b6077018c4aa804f73459b01f.jpg
e1ac7cb8856ce03d1786e1055f26f543
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ann Arbor Sun, January 1975, vol. 3, issue 1
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Ann Arbor Sun was a newspaper founded by John Sinclair in November 1968 as a vehicle for the White Panther Party. In the 1970s, the newspaper transitioned into an independent publication covering local issues, left-wing politics, music, and arts. Finally in 1976, publication was suspended indefinitely.
This issue includes articles on military science and research at the University of Michigan; ROTC; cuts to social services; Gerald Ford inquiry into the CIA; international briefs; the war in Vietnam; Kissinger and the Middle East; police Turn in a Pusher program; history of cocaine; Showcase of International Wares; community calendar; book, music and performance reviews.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ann Arbor Sun, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January 1975
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
newspaper
Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor Sun
Cambodia
CIA
cocaine
drugs
Gerald Ford
Henry Kissinger
John Coltrane
John Sinclair
marijuana
Michigan
Middle East
New Left
police
ROTC
Saigon
Showcase of International Wares
social services
Sun Ra
Turn in a Pusher program
Underground Press
University of Michigan
Vietnam War
Warren Hinkle
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/896dbb92672a94291f2d269a216940c3.jpg
ba9767750e3b9ff7e49667a38fa9ca01
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1b136de5e9a97b39467e85f701705c2f.jpg
15dd756ded7b73ef4d49ee2c69c8c628
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c0fbfac9a1620fc82845ed18a0b9fb2e.jpg
7914872443e6e674977674e6eb63f5be
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/572cb72b4d46484b2848b9ec9e15e0a5.jpg
88490643853d7005f630f04c92091e8b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/91d3650ba5dafdf6b96909b491e76cbd.jpg
17b60f08546c29b44b16e4bf34ec9635
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/fd711c0911255191f8d18a9d1da95074.jpg
e0658371b0b26d601ae947a4a0b6a6ac
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/fefae29cd303b0d77393146d19374a79.jpg
10cc0774848d526eaa7c29d5226fd198
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ebee25b4dfa5f94af2a72f1908860c81.jpg
a1e3872a3c7389715db3db27ce3c94d9
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1f9cdbd4059ca22cf8e2301673193085.jpg
a30944e142ad45e2e5817e9257effcb3
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/9690a8fe76d8c6e079d6dffd12aaa7aa.jpg
566543b7fa05aad238da21f5519a118f
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/2a9f195082b09886cfe3d24c204f2900.jpg
700ed65ae6904e357fa3274f7b46167c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ann Arbor Sun, September 24 to October 8, 1973
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Ann Arbor Sun was a newspaper founded by John Sinclair in November 1968 as a vehicle for the White Panther Party. In the 1970s, the newspaper transitioned into an independent publication covering local issues, left-wing politics, music, and arts. Finally in 1976, publication was suspended indefinitely.
This issue includes articles on media coverage of Ann Arbor Blues & Jazz Festival; an interview with John Sinclair; women’s health; Lee Gill; acupuncture; tuition increases; community calendar; music and film reviews; letters.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sun Tribe
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
September 24 to October 8, 1973
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
newspaper
acupuncture
Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor Blues & Jazz Festival
Ann Arbor Sun
blues
counterculture
Jane Fonda
jazz
John Sinclair
Lee Gill
marijuana
Michigan
New Left
Rainbow Coalition
Stevie Wonder
Sun Tribe
Tom Hayden
tuition
University of Michigan
White Panther Party
women’s health
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/6dce9f624a9aff270918e5b61d84c848.jpg
24a812cbd8b12ca8be272c43d251f2fc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Free John Sinclair
Description
An account of the resource
Founder of the Black Panther counterpart, the White Panther Party, John Sinclair was arrested in 1969 for drug possession. Labelled a political prisoner by the New Left, Sinclair’s case inspired landmark litigation, specifically the 1972 Supreme Court ruling, U.S. vs. U.S. District Court, which stated that law enforcement officials were required to issue a warrant prior to conducting investigations on electronic media.
This particular button promotes the "Free John Sinclair Rally" at the Grand Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan, on January 24, 1970, a date proclaimed ‘International Free John Sinclair Day’ by The Fifth Estate and The Seed. The rally featured 24 acts, including MC5, The Stooges, Commander Cody, Amboy Dukes, Bob Seger. Speakers included Abbie Hoffman and attorney Ken Cockrell.
The following year, an even bigger "John Sinclair Freedom Rally" was held at the University of Michigan's Chrisler Arena on December 10, 1971, to honor of John Sinclair and to encourage an end the state ban on marijuana. John Lennon & Yoko Ono headlined this event, which also featured Allen Ginsberg, Jerry Rubin, Bob Seger, Phil Ochs, Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen, poet Ed Sanders, Black Panther Party chairman Bobby Seale, Chicago Seven defendant Rennie Davis, radical priest Father James Groppi, and jazz legend Archie Shepp. Sinclair was released from jail shortly after the 1971 event.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1970
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Free John Sinclair
Abbie Hoffman
Allen Ginsberg
Amboy Dukes
Ann Arbor
Archie Shepp
Black Panther Party
Bob Segar
Bobby Seale
Button
Chrisler Arena
Commander Cody
Detroit
Ed Sanders
Fifth Estate
Fr. James Groppi
Grand Ballroom
Jerry Rubin
John Lennon
John Sinclair
Ken Cockrell
marijuana
MC5
Michigan
Phil Ochs
politics
protest
rally
Rennie Davis
Stevie Wonder
The Seed
The Stooges
U.S. vs. U.S. District Court
University of Michigan
White Panther Party
Yoko Ono
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a5b87a088b0dd2a22099fa2ea11dc723.jpg
72046a70016ab88a29887b4c82f9ba31
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4130ca2581ed295e4b3c115ec19f66c0.jpg
f2c4dc82e5efe74117ffec3b02258415
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/37765dade9f14cc6c6bd130879a230d6.jpg
4d2c7cfce8f849ef79347343cd8d2472
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/673d293d57777d2a11a48e2fc226bfed.jpg
6c63e36c31dd6acdab1c613fa77c5011
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/37a8f1e8a57e46366317887bb44b8fbd.jpg
fda5f01aeb885849887bfe146d85031e
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/5bdedd7ba2a6a4fe3fc815feb6d691f6.jpg
52a08085296b5df55d7ecf6415dbd3d3
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a8572866d0fcc0587648490e4110191c.jpg
59db4cb316816839d8f4daa82d96d7eb
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7d6dca2da6e690ec4fc00598d4659d75.jpg
fb90ea241b75182a2503feab998c4867
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7ba468da2cc948e349adc6bf82b674ee.jpg
7d30a18d9e1247be5f46e8b7ffbf45a6
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7d73b496889600e71ce345d77efb158e.jpg
f7c8891c5af27998054a82bba3590b9c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/69c60e2405107ee9f5158224a0537383.jpg
6fcc73b23cb9c92201b07ec93213c37f
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/dd239e8eed77ac7d488e213e55c5e247.jpg
b1cee24a7f45426c8fb20c459abff3c4
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/19497c0195f7fc4fe32e2a26cc33dce2.jpg
83573dc5ea62ab7006f53bf0d59e5685
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/362c4a7153d536d0a8e687bcbd0d61b5.jpg
04988d6a8936d7013fb80ab22e6a6984
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/6dca06da3e9589664206e53c32b338bb.jpg
991909118aa42f75ded6851c13177c3c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b1be3549798214f5b221a47ebd336647.jpg
2d18f04fb3d3dbd44a78ae731fd025c2
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/344deeecdb25b4974e4d5ccfab6859f2.jpg
73b69416abefa2af602391536061bafa
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/83bf741befba714d795c94249edd0f5c.jpg
1f820abcf4455b0fa4f31f34040d67fc
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a54fde5720ccfa5dbdffad8d0dd6bf32.jpg
57922934ef68bffc2fd7b6a6e32eb751
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/901a08960cea5f0deae7610150c66f56.jpg
2239cc7f336baba106189d833318ee0d
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/36b331322dfc5a4986df74f17835c830.jpg
9c81fd7c2d8e2d0b7eb61893b787450b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a76ef59cc7035540454c6dd126d4c583.jpg
98313abf8493e7edfa063d6f79c9666a
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/0a2863174c36e9ef15f02e0950b858f0.jpg
119a88a12d1a18c65a0576154b5630fc
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c68ea643b186277af57c2fd542f8c8cc.jpg
7a049ee1aef3af01fc9b8d9f99761309
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/bedff8c43a066d250bd1568f519d94a5.jpg
c5b88aa8c0c21468e8a0231ae7805c4d
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e326063f154fdf6bafcec49ba7625b5e.jpg
a2b47673c3ae052c016d5978f67b0afd
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8311a22e37293a51051821518ebc779e.jpg
f533122d6245bf4f4840668a4fca8343
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Guerrilla, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1967
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Artists' Workshop Press
Title
A name given to the resource
Guerrilla, vol. 1, no. 1, January 1967
Description
An account of the resource
In 1966, Detroit cultural radicals, Allen Van Newkirk, John Sinclair and Gary Grimshaw created Guerrilla, “a monthly newspaper of contemporary kulchur” and “weapon of cultural warfare.” The newspaper was a part of a larger project, the Detroit Artists Workshop, which was formed in 1964, “a local attempt in self-determination for artists of all disciplines.” Guerrilla mixed “humor, politics and music under the circus big top of surrealism and pop culture.” It was primarily a cultural review and included an international artistic perspective. Soon after its first issue appeared, Van Newkirk, who was a revolutionary anarchist with an antipathy for the hippie counterculture and slackers, split with the Detroit Artists Workshop and fired Sinclair, who was more aligned with the hippie counterculture. Despite their ideological and political differences, the two, in fact, continued to work together on Guerrilla, though Van Newkirk’s vision predominated. In subsequent issues, Van Newkirk included a series of oversized political posters. This inaugural issue includes articles on the New Consciousness by Michael McClure; a defense of obscenity; Black Dada by Tom Fiofori; Film Math and Music by Stan Brakhage; poetry by Diane di Prima, Andre Codrescu and Robert Kelly; jazz music reviews by John Sinclair; an interview with Jazz altoist Marion Brown; a statement by Albert Ayler; a section of Joel Oppenheimer’s new play; and Andre Breton and Diego Rivera’s famous essay on “revolutionary art.”
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
January 1967
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Albert Ayler
Allen Van Newkirk
anarchism
Andre Breton
Andre Codrescu
counterculture
cultural revolution
dadaism
Detroit
Detroit Artists Workshop
Diane DiPrima
Diego Rivera
Gary Grimshaw
Guerrilla
hippie
jazz
Joel Oppenheimer
John Sinclair
Marion Brown
Michael McClure
Michigan
Music
New Left
poetry
Robert Kelly
Stan Brakhage
surrealism
theater
Tom Fiofori
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8c04fb1103f08649716122fc3998bdfd.jpg
3f7d570a88fe519546c47fa744b7623c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/28b5c4e7655e871a8e04467784fe6fe3.jpg
d93a39dc035f81d0fd2b75ea97b602f4
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/cd28ebd34162d9022a55aa37f998d0a5.jpg
3db98f11ce625fe1760662387df4087b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b4cc47c1ece030a40f549dac51dc96d8.jpg
fc436800c647e14edbb26800a0463c6b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1a31cde73d162ed8a33fe44df7c2bd16.jpg
31e974978a6fbe003d175df9b65de03b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ca299a77e01494d4352f9c447ce689e8.jpg
0dbba2389166534b366372afab84fe8b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b5530adb804b8db8675758459851e36f.jpg
b83030b3f50d77bbc48b6ded23ad64ef
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/300263051a917aa663542b6c3df22ded.jpg
9a12bb1b348b4a2d08aefba4c5582c16
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/eac1fb390b1565f1844b0c201d1f0778.jpg
f3d7b344c2ee9df9303aebdbc7a3f98c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/0ef0b2c1974af53da4c8aa27bd2caa42.jpg
1aeddb180f5278628460893283902281
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/2c3040db22820714ffe63c0d91c5432d.jpg
2da01efa22ba2d294706b18d81e3b011
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4ee0ea09071b6206a89972c1e7ea1f96.jpg
0f6ba5569bc9e5c516e9371d65ae015d
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/fe39252194a70307f50cf1f4a5f1823c.jpg
a85f30bfafda1cd765c4567fa53e2639
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/862d9c8892b5f6e5f57cbecb2a689f3a.jpg
7472938283e0a80d5c4009bcee542271
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1f9aeca493355e71049c03d6fdfd9f04.jpg
67d1395cafc9cd43a75d8237f34af723
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/01a329809347afbe6c634598eb462414.jpg
2a3cab95f37fb1e9fc340aa6ae691dda
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/46e08f311d040118e7553947934e73ca.jpg
044f557191c72bdce92c8e3e71af8250
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/366db0a217e18c9538466b61f96c1348.jpg
4d274d1cf640bebb4dfa8717711766b8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e2b54d1cb20a2f148e6bbda82a636396.jpg
7c013b1f70839956d9a4894802727739
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/db4796ba84a0fa94f99db4d6af3d6323.jpg
8e58d28bcea95d644d57feb150ce8376
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8fb12fdabaff48aa810533a28a82cfc4.jpg
2a8806aacfd6893f376923d03241191a
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/2a900c5179d5b8f31941c1cada74903a.jpg
b7208fb48f9d1d299a686c4ecb7f07d4
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/086cceeab43e9ca35cef114ac7dec6e4.jpg
9d5809efcabbc5f15af1206d4cdd1d53
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e188649816a7dde6335961bf86d7f4ae.jpg
e7f88f496a881acfa5ee5da774e16574
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/d7f72bb063a5b2464d2591dba1622581.jpg
8cd0020ee92cb560f735c8f9a400ae72
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ea0d2601ca2541a23cf6ce15a45457c8.jpg
3e6298379064b49dda99276f00635e98
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f6bce5164a2f9d9a2c4ed24433a433a9.jpg
acd864beaa7db4a3c0b53127c2e30c68
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/759709d89fd0848215f2021ee607613a.jpg
6ded0a6eb36a08dfa56efb5abae8bb50
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/cb6c9434e31a1c7e54be8d5192bff935.jpg
4b3bb7f4b9a6383736e712d621032ebb
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1f456c178cc1bd370cfa1351a6012a78.jpg
ee98a5ea675e783f6c3509210b256334
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7e53b0a9bba22d5aadbb1a4715c33f84.jpg
e7122b1b5ae3a66847352b9e499bf821
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/a28f882b4a3645c5ac32a3fcf21ad0a6.jpg
6315d82178c31b632738c37055f9c691
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ecfbea4e90f9496073652fad14cbdb09.jpg
108f4d588e0715df185765379d7d3e75
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/625b97e886347c3f37d8a26226487307.jpg
5dbca7abb7318260e1020bc90cc48079
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/83f9d50a8f84fbb28ea3f5d288dd6c5a.jpg
af4dca76eb90c8e566daec1eda8fcd56
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/12d81da45d83ff85333310ece87c608f.jpg
a65f570453f62484577ce086bfaf1892
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7686b85c3cd9a03a624beecfc05c035d.jpg
f7926d8a6c20b4c93d232d864dfb5c37
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8925cbf4da0c13d03284dc50d0cd3880.jpg
9ca67e00873a0704ec0139b47ac7a39f
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/86c4123db478e060fa5da1ca4825b3e0.jpg
f2fe350442be286fbe7cad8b6e5dd58a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leviathan, vol. 1, no. 8, 1969
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
Leviathan was a radical New Left newspaper loosely aligned with Student for a Democratic Society, published in 1969 and 1970. Early editorial leaders of the periodical included Carol Brightman, Beverly Leman, Kathy McAfee, Marge Piercy and Sol Yurick in New York, as well as Peter Booth Wiley, Carole Deutch, Danny Beagle, Matthew Steen, Bob Gavriner, Al Haber, Bruce Nelson, Todd Gitlin, and David Wellman. The paper, which took a generally serious, intellectual-minded approach to radical organizing, as opposed to the more irreverent tone of the counterculture, ceased publication in the Fall of 1970 in the wake of SDS factionalization. This issue focuses on political repression against radicals, including a lengthy introductory essay on political repression; articles on “torture” by New York City police; the relationship of white revolutionaries to Third World liberation struggles; systematic repression of white radicals; repression against the Black Panther Party; a prison letter from John Sinclair; an interview with correction officer; an essay about the jail experience of Columbia University activists.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Leviathan Publications, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1969
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Al Haber
Beverly Leman
Black Panther Party
Bob Gavriner
Bruce Nelson
California
Carol Brightman
Carole Deutch
Columbia University
Danny Beagle
David Wellman
John Sinclair
Kathy McAfee
Leviathan
Marge Piercy
Matthew Steen
New Left
Peter Booth Wiley
police
police repression
radicalism
repression
San Francisco
SDS
Sol Yurick
Students for a Democratic Society
Todd Gitlin
torture
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/9b55de73ae684f6b64c6a909d8c06402.jpg
56d800b318e9a513e13c34dae925090f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leaflets, Flyers, Broadsides and Article Reprints
Description
An account of the resource
The social movements of the Sixties produced hundreds of leaflets, flyers, broadsides and reprinted articles. These items were an important part of movement culture and another important organizing tool for activists and organizations. They were mimeographed and circulated widely at meetings, through the mail and by hand.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New Nation
Subject
The topic of the resource
Counterculture
Description
An account of the resource
This flyer by the White Panther Party and Red Star Sisters encourages the radical redefinition of identity as a key to revolution. It also advertises a screening of several Newsreel films on the Boston University campus.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White Panther Party and Red Star Sisters
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. early-1970s
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
mimeograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
flyer
anti-racism
Boston University
counterculture
John Sinclair
Massachusetts
Newsreel
radicalism
Red Star Sisters
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/854d25a5a75251fa3c5d995aabb89850.jpg
1262dd8a2594a657e14f5b18e618b185
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/cd31865136cb062bb4f38bc996e21d9c.jpg
233450d9087398772603d110c5c76108
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/338a207d1eb90409162f6a4d8837df55.jpg
acc46b52332bcb16a4a73872e69b34a6
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b639ce0fe60c41ade3dd4fdb9329f0cd.jpg
6adfdcd20a9ba72f38078759daef9f4e
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e66b8b499ae7218a2f8db925e39255cb.jpg
af311578656976ae60e52bb5cdf660bf
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/876947506b07b7df6428c0c87e1e96d4.jpg
6f9ec6e3ac7957f9e8e6749aca2fa8ff
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/870c9f99f41a8ae38963b88fb3ea9a68.jpg
9446072f53d3a8dc0a34634e32fd0b92
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8a7a18b775461a976e51b024de630cd2.jpg
752da2e7f76e1aae956a7ca265c14f36
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/5b6f4ece9c1ce21c0e328a0476a241f8.jpg
a42022da38dcbcb39e905a839db17054
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f2c0e51db75a3e3605376715442973f0.jpg
fe50e1c275c0e624a1042c09df2e5ff8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/2f63464c7dcaab87191d9e0e8f363906.jpg
492192dc5d19ad3b9c67da56b5e7d19e
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c9c1d3d554b532f29cf0dfb96325442c.jpg
e7dd5c2eaa00f1e88d759e5eafbacc81
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/6b14339d1fe669d4a98190d58689210d.jpg
afbc5d3120d8318ac23eba4711f745e8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/937c4cef42175d45ec7a348b37f3baba.jpg
585b01da98e691ffebd946de42ef7037
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/368f285d4967301f46281465576f16fb.jpg
4e6698816aa78fff246237296faabf28
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1071ecc2a2417fd387f4b30d178eb079.jpg
45d4d054f8806f70a48fadc750166b7b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/65d489b894ae09a9fdd556a5efc62e53.jpg
501a0f0ae7fa9ee1f413c6e3a52bd9f8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8c9707ab72c3681e102513111a4c1da7.jpg
a065bfecd101dae8a0075a2d7241b962
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/136703d1f2ba11bdfb1528848f62b4e8.jpg
1b9dd12529b5b6f5d00ccd3f51805072
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/cf4bef6815802e3162a9717ff050a347.jpg
e12d36f1d858e0d33e1ac455c216de5b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/3a7fd6c45269183ffb9d9be3e725689b.jpg
00d4caea1537f7a1314779069ca5bed0
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/9f95e4f5047b5ec26330bfbd32082737.jpg
6b5f6d844571d2c2a7e584f3628185c3
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/eacaa9bf42dbe694efad85bbea78ef48.jpg
3ccba02c8e0fb6dbd2492aed960dc747
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/007a2acc16fa2e22635e4575561a0eb1.jpg
8686e33108b73621f64d0ab28e7c7058
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4b4fa73b9b6e69c81a26658f767d959e.jpg
52adae20fa223a20024409c6793574bb
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/7fd82c98999a7afe51aa219cddbd0a2f.jpg
3224173b0eedf15915eedaea63d77749
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/dfca50fae54f6b63a1dbca9ee6ebe973.jpg
90c217d1996fac85d822c01c0549078b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RAT Subterranean News, February 6-23, 1970
Description
An account of the resource
RAT Subterranean News was published in New York, starting in March of 1968 and was edited by Jeff Shero, Alice Embree and Gary Thiher, who had come North from Austin, Texas, where they worked on The Rag, another important underground paper. Whereas the East Village Other represented the counterculture point of view, RAT had a left political orientation. In early 1970, women’s liberation activists took over RAT and turned it into a women-only periodical to challenge sexism within the New Left. This issue is the first after the take-over of RAT and covers a wide range of topics, including Afeni Shakur and the Panther 21; letters to the editor; women’s take-over of RAT; feminist critique of the New Left; the ambush of New York police in Harlem; the emergence of strong women leadership in the Weather Underground; Kathleen Cleaver in Algeria; sabotage; theft and activism; Boston students protesting a lecture by S.I. Hayakawa; Berkeley women take-over of karate class; a Gay Liberation Front protest at a San Francisco radio station; gas masks; women challenging doctors on abortion; sex and sexism; “Are Men Really the Enemy?” exam; John Sinclair release from prison; Palestinian women and armed struggle in Jordan; obscenity trial against Che; women in China; a Stockton, California, housewives strike; poetry; film review of “Prologue…”
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
February 6-23, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
R.A.T. Publications, Inc
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
"Prologue..."
Abortion
Afeni Shakur
Algeria
Alice Embree
armed struggle
Austin
Berkeley
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Boston
California
Che Guevara
China
East Village Other
feminism
film
Gary Thiher
gas masks
Gay Liberation Front
Harlem
housewives
Jane Alpert
Jeff Shero
John Sinclair
Jordan
karate
Kathleen Cleaver
LNS
Massachusetts
New Left
New York
obscenity
Palestine
Panther 21
poetry
Rat Subterranean News
Redstockings
Robin Morgan
S.I. Hayakawa
sabotage
San Francisco
self-defense
sexism
Stockton
Texas
The Rag
theft
W.I.
W.I.T.C.H.
Weather Underground
Women's Liberation
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/6f6dc3bb4d9ca3d5110191040cda39e5.jpg
a62aa1ce8c80f1d6d5de0a2c8a8a5ea8
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/da511e98db4baf29da5b1c69b8e9d28f.jpg
235516062b0ca6befeb620ab0cec9806
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/d507856c717cd6f85daa9bc7f0341f0d.jpg
592480fbc68ea06779dab9f6ea078e9a
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f430bdc25095af0573666d55043b08f0.jpg
a66c3d0fbae65d6ac44bda779b2611cd
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b0e0180bf2222840af6b639b30f4ad88.jpg
d177fac2522965c38553c3cdace99007
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/25e40e17a8f46ecfca2590ee72f6f940.jpg
01283a420dc182b4417881a8d3125558
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/412d178f6a4744211f45845ed3709b3b.jpg
b93b9607aa33a3ec40e692af5a09a878
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f14a9dcb080fd692aa7606310d6c5203.jpg
bbb11c42ace64f53ccf2895f86486366
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/d9adef6ccc3179f0e23e04f9d4cc4492.jpg
671c88959c30306bd214d5825a444341
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f4ad59f6b5a37737ef2bd1190cf40bb9.jpg
3b8f07aef749174a23bead6522b2a1e3
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/0bb1175d7ec02df57266e49a787c52bb.jpg
a127f6449a0f8d755791fab766466ea3
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b882765468e36cacd772bfe1d63ed688.jpg
4e6684ae4605f46da87cce7b49f8f7af
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ebb2435566d12c2557b330a854242cce.jpg
d8038f44bfc32f85e8b16cdf00999c9b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/04d4404e032f4641c93acad814bb338e.jpg
67ec093e80e480416d2dd06bf4fa3f81
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ec48355498be7d48f2ce2c9bed7abce6.jpg
0419b211c11bf5c89425606caa6e4673
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8fb0c21ecb761608aec8e1aba2c27fc0.jpg
391e28fdb92c6b2663cc060c304a676a
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b9ea50654041bd08eb00457af9de30f0.jpg
5960b7e0def10127423f1a479d9c1be0
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/931c65274465bfb50077d4c455104bb3.jpg
5960b7e0def10127423f1a479d9c1be0
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c4b570b6434053752b4b2256736eb52a.jpg
1cb361b4e6f9690125059e8e1f9da68c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/3770e1fde27ac34b7e09dfe1361d6f8c.jpg
7f10b79d976c097672275bd048768da5
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/cfb59e608f6989c2f75b0670a8a4b6b9.jpg
ff136edf40ea42e94f57e98ef5ae18b9
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/2a90c45e581ec25068324fa6cac132c5.jpg
bdd076cd9fd24df60242c48ab21bbbd1
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/1dd2eae3099c7489106c1a417f397b56.jpg
a74745ba062150ed2a4a3cf0680002c6
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ffca309c4ee54d8d0632a4d07eb4cf13.jpg
e0053d92ab3db4a59caae18b7f34a593
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/dbb85e8a603cfc7b7b270250fc51916c.jpg
f35a934d1f4d7d9fc315055bf5202ef4
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/549c7f7ae4af98602baa187da7d335ea.jpg
9e110306309a9f9ae4af2d5abf7ce1ee
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/8e7fa1762e473b6443f12c025e4e542b.jpg
dbfdc0c02ec27dab531b3dcac84856b4
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/07b989c8a294022b5b389c2ad488d44c.jpg
c0784e29bf23a1633090be614c04d811
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
RAT Subterranean News, May 22-June 4, 1970
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
RAT Subterranean News was published in New York, starting in March of 1968 and was edited by Jeff Shero, Alice Embree and Gary Thiher, who had come North from Austin, Texas, where they worked on The Rag, another important underground paper. Whereas the East Village Other represented the counterculture point of view, RAT had a left political orientation. This issue covers a wide range of topics, including media and revolution; Joan Bird and Dionne Donghi; a labor walk-out at Bell Telephone in New York; the police killing of six black men in Augusta, Georgia; police killing of two students at Jackson State; street-fighting between Puerto Rican youths and police on the Lower East Side; poetry; the role of women in the labor movement; brief reports on anti-colonial struggles in Portuguese’s African colonies; corporate repression of indigenous people in Brazil; 9 days of global activism in May; revolutionary feminism; squatting; “The Woman-Identified Woman”; How to…; emergency first aid for street warfare; ads and personals; repression against marijuana advocates; letters to the editor.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
RAT Subterranean News
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
May 22-June 4, 1970
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
underground press
Alice Embree
anti-colonialism
Anti-War
Augusta
Austin
Bell Telephone
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Brazil
counterculture
Dionne Donghi
drugs
East Village Other
feminism
FRELIMO
Gary Thiher
Gay Liberation
Georgia
Guinea
homosexuality
Jackson
Jackson State
Jeff Shero
Joan Bird
John Sinclair
labor movement
lesbianism
Lower East Side
marijuana
Mississippi
Mozambique
New Left
New York
police
Police Brutality
Puerto Rican Nationalism
Rat
Rat Subterranean News
self-defense
squatting
street warfare
Texas
The Rag
Vietnam War
Women's Liberation
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/9574a248d8e43035c05b17c90a5fc4f0.jpg
11603010b530dd07541f4571c7272481
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Description
An account of the resource
In 1966, Detroit cultural radicals, Allen Van Newkirk, John Sinclair and Gary Grimshaw created Guerrilla, “a monthly newspaper of contemporary kulchur” and “weapon of cultural warfare.” The newspaper was a part of a larger project, the Detroit Artists Workshop, which was formed in 1964, “a local attempt in self-determination for artists of all disciplines.” Guerrilla mixed “humor, politics and music under the circus big top of surrealism and pop culture.” It was primarily a cultural review and included an international artistic perspective. Soon after its first issue appeared, Van Newkirk, who was an revolutionary anarchist with an antipathy for the hippie counterculture and slackers, split with the Detroit Artists Workshop and fired Sinclair, who was more aligned with the hippie counterculture. Despite their ideological and political differences, the two, in fact, continued to work together on Guerrilla, though Van Newkirk’s vision predominated. In subsequent issues, Van Newkirk included a series of oversized political posters, including this one.
The text on this poster reads: "A Rule Of Thumb Of Revolutionary Politics / Is That No Matter How Oppressive The Ruling Class May Be / No Matter How Impossible The Task Of Making / Revolution / May Seem / The Means Of Making That / Revolution / Are Always At Hand." At the center is information on a publication, Guerrilla with the quote "our purpose in entering the political arena / is to send the jackass back to the farm and the elephant back to the zoo." At the bottom is "Eldridge / Cleaver / For President / Minister of information/Black Panther Party".
Eldridge Cleaver was the controversial "Minister of Information" for the Black Panther Party. Cleaver, who edited the Black Panther Party newspaper, is credited with crafting a more radical and incendiary public rhetoric for the organization. His 1968 book, Soul On Ice, was a best-seller, simultaneously praised and condemned, and much-debated. Cleaver was the presidential candidate for the Peace & Freedom Party in 1968, earning .05% of the vote. Following a deadly altercation with Oakland police that same year, Cleaver fled the United States, first to Cuba, then to Algeria and ultimately France, before he returned to the United States in 1975. An ideological split between Cleaver and party co-founder, Huey Newton, led to Cleaver's ouster from the party. Following his exile, Eldridge Cleaver became a born-again Christian, dabbling in a variety of different denominations. He also participated in conservative politics through the Republican Party. Cleaver died in 1998.
Title
A name given to the resource
Revolution Revolution - Eldridge Cleaver for President
Subject
The topic of the resource
Black Power
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Guerilla: Free Newspaper of the Streets
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1968
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
1968 election
Algeria
Allen Van Newkirk
Anti-War
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Cuba
Detroit
Eldridge Cleaver
France
Gary Grimshaw
Guerrilla
Huey Newton
John Sinclair
Michigan
Minister of Information
New Left
New York
Peace & Freedom Party
Soul On Ice
Vietnam War
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/981f7e3fe0d82a5b5708a8c4d3a632e4.jpg
db98eb368098c67dc15193e03c8dd5f0
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Leaflets, Flyers, Broadsides and Article Reprints
Description
An account of the resource
The social movements of the Sixties produced hundreds of leaflets, flyers, broadsides and reprinted articles. These items were an important part of movement culture and another important organizing tool for activists and organizations. They were mimeographed and circulated widely at meetings, through the mail and by hand.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Ten-Point Program of the White Panther Party
Subject
The topic of the resource
White Anti-Racism
Description
An account of the resource
Founded in 1968 by Pun Plamondon, Leni Sinclair, and John Sinclair as a response to Huey P. Newton’s call for separate, white, anti-racist groups in support of the Black Panther Party, the White Panthers served as a countercultural group dedicated to "cultural revolution." The group was most active in Detroit, Michigan, and was connected with the porto-punk band, MC5. Though a white anti-racist organization, the White Panthers worked with a variety of other groups in what was known as the Rainbow Coalition.
The Red Star Sisters was the name given to women in the
White Panther Party. In a 1970 statement, the Red Star Sisters wrote, "The Red Star is a universal symbol of COMMUNEism, of living and working together, coming together, a symbol of righteous revolution and love for ALL of humanity. We, the sisters of the White Panther Party, take the Red Star as the symbol of our own liberation, and align I ourselves with all oppressed people on the planet."
This artifact includes the White Panther's adaptation of the Black Panther Party's famous Ten-Point Program.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White Panther Party and Red Star Sisters
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1970
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
mimeograph
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
leaflet
anti-racism
Black Panther Party
Black Power
counterculture
Detroit
John Sinclair
Leni Sinclair
MC5
Michigan
Pun Plamondon
Rainbow Coalition
Red Star Sisters
Ten-Point Program
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/4d52ffd8a4db1c0586496a0f43ec0e69.jpg
a15996d4f3e42fb77e54bd88597f4c41
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/0de0efba076cf933d5a5e52846a154f6.jpg
7d013a5afe37304e54906e2b9e86a095
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/07c50d3fce713102d374cfae75e4b6d6.jpg
a1af28bce710256c873efbf61f134e90
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c34f5c89e291cd1531107410dd0712d0.jpg
2297bbc9e08e31fad3ee6c870e22932b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/07388da50489b54abced143b1c180135.jpg
2a87c11c7e82aed07a89a43e94345017
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/55dffd542d3285a562101b4094fcf739.jpg
bfbce266b7820a5b5132e2c4a717602d
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/e942b57d2594b72d37d4b7a41deca94e.jpg
616dee7b43900da21bd33f937880764c
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/eff3ec36b05e33b8b5f0531113e6492e.jpg
65d7f55fb5b194e083bf2a32c667e1bd
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/c51bee2cc77cc16e9d408691ab9f2a32.jpg
2d8141378517f1b739c97106ee104df5
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/dfe9732620f11ebecf859305bcbd48ac.jpg
c6bcd4d45603c93269e097994d8e2418
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/3cf56ef1fe0da48dc6fd42cbfae43d7d.jpg
a683db84d351955ba09530a2f410aabc
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/eb1a2d97f10b63c1fc75191df3b47a34.jpg
8acaa0909c1a919447de1e77ac9c6aa1
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/cecff36e06dd80bdccb0dd90dcb86ba6.jpg
698fdd4423a57e4e55b4bf79c992d18b
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/ee7af22bb396e33157cc0633d6bcc45c.jpg
523a44a0e00da518afbf59187e287014
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/b694823c869f425743e17f75d8f98f77.jpg
bc975f74dfad30c6263e25033fed8d36
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/5f9470c7fcf9482efc6c41bf5cfe7e7d.jpg
b07b630ecdfde8845d48bdf3e693c316
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/589ea4b0225fe66056c937393bd25ac4.jpg
873706fbf7e4e90c68b61d6b8223a1e9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Underground Press
Description
An account of the resource
One of the key characteristics of the various movements of the 1960s-era was the creation of alternative, or "underground," newspapers. These newspapers were not clandestine, though. Quite the opposite. They were important public organizing tools for New Left movements, crucial to disseminating information, educating activists and promoting events. In addition to articles, they also often included comix and other graphics, advertisements and sometimes even personals. This collection contains a range of underground newspapers, some focused on a particular movement, like the women's movement, others offering broader coverage of the many movements taking place at the time.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Sun, October 1975
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Ann Arbor Sun was a newspaper founded by John Sinclair in November 1968 as a vehicle for the White Panther Party. In the 1970s, the newspaper transitioned into an independent publication covering local issues, left-wing politics, music, and arts. In 1975, the newspaper evolved into The Sun, which focused more on Detroit than Ann Arbor. Finally in 1976, publication was suspended indefinitely.
This issue includes articles on the state of the city; red-lining; overdoses; busing in Detroit; rent strikes in Ann Arbor; Police Athletic League; Angola; heroin industry and police; interview with Howard Kohn; Francis Ford Coppola interview; music and performance reviews; community calendar.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ann Arbor Sun, Inc.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
October 1975
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
newspaper
Angola
Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor Sun
busing
Chuck Jackson
counterculture
Dave Brubeck
Detroit
Francis Ford Coppola
heroin
Howard Kohn
Jimmy cliff
John Coltrane
John Sinclair
Michigan
New Left
Paul Robeson
police
Police Athletic League
red squads
red-lining
rent strike
The Sun
Underground Press
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/089109b3d7d345ba55bc1d8189ac6212.jpg
da9c07f80612ba83c2c2b6ce87e70c05
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
White Panther Party
Description
An account of the resource
Founded in 1968 by Pun Plamondon, Leni Sinclair, and John Sinclair as a response to Huey P. Newton’s call for separate, white, anti-racist groups in support of the Black Panther Party, the White Panthers served as a countercultural group dedicated to "cultural revolution." The group was most active in Detroit, Michigan, and was connected with the porto-punk band, MC5. Though a white anti-racist organization, the White Panthers worked with a variety of other groups in what was known as the Rainbow Coalition.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White Panther Party
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1968
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anti-Racist Movement
anti-racism
Detroit
John Sinclair
Leni Sinclair
MC5
Michigan
Pun Plamondon
Racial Justice
Rainbow Coalition
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/fc4217a64e1ff744a9b61cdd6d1ff1db.jpg
42a1555ce22b225e055b3c30641ee6ac
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/0c497d14ff2096385907b95381caad0d.jpg
68c1a65b3a38c63d10661b0ad8553d4e
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Small Press Publications
Description
An account of the resource
During the 1960s, numerous radical and independent small presses were created to publish longer essays, manifestos, philosophical tracts, treatises and poetry related to the movements of the New Left. These independent presses filled a niche that mainstream and commercial presses largely ignored. Small press publications were particularly vibrant in the women's liberation movement. While many of these independent publishers of the Sixties were short-lived, others have continued into the present.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
White Panther Party "Ten-Point Program"
Subject
The topic of the resource
White Panther Party
Description
An account of the resource
Founded in 1968 by Pun Plamondon, Leni Sinclair, and John Sinclair as a response to Huey P. Newton’s call for separate, white, anti-racist groups in support of the Black Panther Party, the White Panthers served as a countercultural group dedicated to "cultural revolution." The group was most active in Detroit, Michigan, and was connected with the porto-punk band, MC5. Though a white anti-racist organization, the White Panthers worked with a variety of other groups in what was known as the Rainbow Coalition.
This "Ten-Point Program" is a variation of the Black Panther Party's original "Ten-Point Program."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
White Panther Party
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July 4, 1970
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
manifesto
anti-racism
Black Panther Party
Detroit
identity politics
John Sinclair
Leni Sinclair
MC5
Michigan
New Left
Pun Plamondon
Rainbow Coalition
Ten-Point Program
White Panther Party
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/9059aab1f3fab77d39c32f0e3e631fed.jpg
9ddb81b01da88cc03369a8d24f0c7d92
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Buttons
Description
An account of the resource
Buttons were one of the most popular and pervasive forms of political messaging during the 1960s, combining brief messaging and memorable graphic designs. Buttons were inexpensive to produce on a mass basis and easy to distribute. They afforded any individual an opportunity to voice their opinions and, potentially, reach a broad audience. As Hunter Oatman-Stanford has written, “From discreet lapel pins to oversized buttons on purses or backpacks, pinbacks invite conversation by declaring potentially controversial viewpoints to complete strangers.” In this way, buttons were (and still are) a particularly democratic form of political propaganda.
As button collector, John Aisthorpe, has put it, buttons offer “a little snapshot of history.” During the 1960s, buttons were vital to the visual identity of a range of movements. “There were many protest groups who put their views on buttons,” Aisthorpe recalls, “from the early ’60s with the Free Speech Movement (FSM) to the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and, later, the Veterans for Peace, the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, and the Yippies.” The political impact of buttons in the 1960s is hard to gauge, though their popularity suggests some modicum of significance. And, as Aisthorpe has asserted, “It’s hard to say what impact they had, but the text of buttons worn at protests were often used as antiwar chants, like ‘Hell no, we won’t go!’… They must have had some effect.” The buttons of the 1960s have remained some of the most enduring relics from this important past.
This collection includes buttons from a wide array of movements from the Sixties, including the student movement, civil rights and Black Power movements, women's liberation, environmentalism, the anti-nuclear movement, gay liberation, electoral politics, the Chicano movement, the labor movement and the counterculture, with a strong emphasis on the anti-war movement. In addition, a few buttons date from Roz Payne’s activist efforts in the 1970s and 1980s, including the early political campaigns of Vermont politician, Bernie Sanders.
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Yippie!
Description
An account of the resource
The Youth International Party, known as the "Yippies," was founded in 1967 by Abbie and Anita Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Nancy Kurshan, and Paul Krassner. Other activists involved with the Yippes included, Stew Albert, Ed Rosenthal, Allen Ginsberg, Ed Sanders, Robin Morgan,Phil Ochs, Robert M. Ockene, William Kunstler, Jonah Raskin, Steve Conliff, John Sinclair, Dana Beal, Betty (Zaria) Andrew, Matthew Landy Steen, Judy Gumbo, Ben Masel, Tom Forcade, David Peel, Wavy Gravy, Aron Kay, Tuli Kupferberg, Jill Johnston, Daisy Deadhead, Leatrice Urbanowicz, Bob Fass, John Murdock, Alice Torbush, Judy Lampe, Walli Leff, Steve DeAngelo, Dennis Peron, and Brenton Lengel. According to Krasner, who coined the term, Yippies were “radicalized hippies.” In a 2007 essay in the Los Angeles Times, Krasner explained, "We needed a name to signify the radicalization of hippies, and I came up with Yippie as a label for a phenomenon that already existed, an organic coalition of psychedelic hippies and political activists. In the process of cross-fertilization at antiwar demonstrations, we had come to share an awareness that there was a linear connection between putting kids in prison for smoking pot in this country and burning them to death with napalm on the other side of the planet." Further, Anita Hoffman liked the term, but felt that "strait-laced types" needed a more formal name to take the movement seriously. She came up with "Youth International Party," because it symbolized the movement and made for a good play on words. Some referred to the group as "Yippie!," as in a shout for joy (with an exclamation mark to express exhilaration). As Abbie Hoffman wrote, "What does Yippie! mean?" Energy – fun – fierceness – exclamation point!"
The Yippies were influenced by The Diggers in San Francisco and often used guerilla theater, pranks, absurdist forms of protest, as well as political and cultural disruption in their activism. They sought to merge the personal with the political… and have fun in the process. ABC News once stated, "The group was known for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the 'Groucho Marxists'." Among their many storied antics, the Yippies suggested lacing the New York City water supply with LSD, sent joints to hundreds of random people in New York from the telephone book, threw fake money on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange and suggested a circle of hippies could “levitate” the Pentagon during an October 1967 protest. The Yippies understood the dominant role of mass media and television in contemporary society and often went on television, but refused to obey the normal rules of corporate TV production, hoping to “break the frame” and reveal to audiences the constructed nature of mass media. As Krassner later recalled, “[T]he more visual and surreal the stunts we could cook up, the easier it would be to get on the news, and the more weird and whimsical and provocative the theater, the better it would play.” The Yippies were also involved in the underground press movement. Much of the writing and visual culture they produced consisted of obscenity-laced diatribes against mainstream society, but made few serious calls to militant action.
Abbie Hoffman and the Yippies first suggested a “Festival of Life” in the park outside of the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. They also planned to nominate a pig, nicknamed “Pigasus,” for President. Other New Left organizations joined the effort, which ultimately descended into chaos when Chicago police, at the order of authoritarian Democratic Mayor Richard Daley, attacked and brutally beat demonstrators in front of reporters and television cameras, causing an international controversy. In the melee, many Yippies were injured and arrested, including Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, who were put on trial as a part of what become known as the Chicago 7.
In 1970, an estimated 200-300 members of the Yippies descended on the Disneyland amusement park in Anaheim, California, to hold what was billed as their “First International Pow-Wow” to protest the U.S.’s continuing involvement in the Vietnam War and to liberate Disneyland as a symbol of the establishment. Hoffman authored a pamphlet in 1967, titled, “Fuck the System”; two books, “Revolution for the Hell of It” (1968) and “Steal This Book” (1971); and an LP record, “Woodstock Nation: A Talk-Rock Album” (1969).
The Yippies began to fragment and disintegrate during the 1970s. A disillusioned Hoffman committed suicide in 1989. Jerry Rubin became a “Yuppie” during the 1980s, embracing capitalism and starting a number of businesses. He was killed in 1994 when he was struck by a car. Even so, a number of Yippie followers have carried on in the same spirit.
_______
Here is a brief clip of Abbie Hoffman discussing Yippie tactics during the 1968 Democratic National Convention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=29&v=2oujcg_Tifw
Here is Jerry Rubin speaking to a group of Yippies days before the 1968 Democratic National Convention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=10&v=oZlmjZPrG0s
________
Yippie
Manifesto
By Abbie
Hoffman
and
Jerry
Rubin
(1968)
Come
in to
the
streets
on
Nov.
5,
election
day. Vote
with
your
feet.
Rise
up and
abandon
the
creeping
meatball!
Demand
the
bars
be
open.
Make
music and
dance
at
every
red
light.
A
festival
of
life
in
the
streets
and
parks
throughout the world.
The
American
election
represents
death,
and
we
are
alive.
Come
all
you
rebels,
youth
spirits,
rock
minstrels,
bomb
throwers,
bank
robbers,
peacock
freaks,
toe
worshippers,
poets,
street
folk,
liberated
women,
professors
and
body
snatchers:
it
is
election
day
and
we
are
everywhere.
Don't
vote
in
a
jackass‐elephant‐cracker
circus.
Let's
vote
for
ourselves.
Me
for
President.
We
are
the
revolution.
We
will
strike
and
boycott
the
election
and
create
our
own
reality.
Can
you
dig
it:
in
every
metropolis
and
hamlet of
America
boycotts,
strikes,
sit‐ins,
pickets,
lie‐ins,
pray‐ins,
feel‐ins,
piss‐ins
at
the
polling
places.
Nobody
goes
to
work.
Nobody
goes
to
school.
Nobody
votes.
Everyone
becomes
a
life
actor
of
the
street
doing
his
thing,
making
the
revolution
by
freeing
himself
and
fucking
up
the
system.
Ministers
dragged
away
from
polling
places.
Free
chicken
and
ice
cream
in
the
streets.
Thousands
of
kazoos,
drums,
tambourines,
triangles,
pots
and
pans,
trumpets,
street
fairs,
firecrackers – a
symphony
of
life
on
a
day
of
death.
LSD
in
the
drinking
water.
Let's
parade
in
the
thousands
to
the
places
where
the
votes
are
counted
and
let
murderous
racists
feel
our
power.
Force
the
National
Guard
to
protect
every
polling
place
in
the
country.
Brush
your
teeth
in
the
streets.
Organize
a
sack
race.
Join
the
rifle
club
of
your
choice.
Freak
out
the
pigs
with
exhibitions
of snake
dancing
and
karate
at
the
nearest
pig
pen.
Release
a
Black
Panther
in
the Justice
Department.
Hold
motorcycle
races
a
hundred
yards
from
the
polling
places.
Fly
an
American
flag
out
of
every
house
so
confused
voters
can't
find
the polling
places.
Wear
costumes.
Take
a
burning
draft
card
to
Spiro
Agnew.
Stall
for
hours
in
the
polling
places
trying
to
decide
between
Nixon
and
Humphrey
and
Wallace.
Take
your
clothes
off.
Put
wall
posters
up
all
over
the
city.
Hold
block
parties.
Release
hundreds
o f
greased
pigs
in
pig
uniforms
downtown.
Check
it
out
in
Europe
and
throughout
the
world
thousands
of
students
will
march
on
the
USA
embassies
demanding
to
vote
in
the
election
cause
Uncle
Pig
controls
the
world.
No
domination
without
representation.
Let's
make
2‐300
Chicago's
on
election
day.
(On
election
day
let's
pay
tribute
to
rioters,
anarchists,
Commies,
runaways,
draft
dodgers,
acid
freaks,
snipers,
beatniks,
deserters,
Chinese
s pies.
Let's
exorcise
all
politicians,
generals,
publishers,
businessmen,
Popes,
American
Legion,
AMA,
FBI,
narcos,
informers.
And
then
on
Inauguration
Day
Jan.
20
we
will
bring
our
revolutionary
theater
to
Washington
to
inaugurate
Pigasus,
our
pig,
the
only
honest
candidate,
and
turn
the
White
House
into
a
crash
pad.
They
will
have
to
put
Nixon's
hand
on
the
bible
in
a
glass
cage.
Begin
now:
resist
oppression
as
you
feel
it.
Organize
and
begin
the
word
of
mouth
communication
that
is
the
basis
of
all
conspiracies
....
Every
man
a
revolution!
Every
small
group
a
revolutionary
center!
We
will
be
together on
election day.
Yippie!!!
________
A Yippie Manifesto
by Jerry Rubin
This is a Viet Cong flag on my back. During the recent hearings of the House Un-American Activities Committee in Washington, a friend and I are walking down the street en route to Congress – he’s wearing an American flag and I’m wearing this VC flag.
The cops mass, and boom! I am going to be arrested for treason, for supporting the enemy.
And who do the cops grab and throw in the paddy wagon?
My friend with the American flag.
And I’m left all alone in the VC flag.
“What kind of a country is this?” I shout at the cops. “YOU COMMUNISTS!”
Everything is cool en route to Canada until the border. An official motions me into a small room and pulls out a five-page questionnaire.
“Do you use drugs?” he asks quite seriously.
“Yeah,” I say.
“Which?”
“Coca Cola.”
“I mean DRUGS! He shouts.
“Coca Cola is more dangerous for you than marijuana,” I say. “Fucks up your body, and it’s addictive.”
“Have you ever advocated the overthrow of the Canadian government?” he asks.
“Not until I get into Canada.”
Have you ever been arrested for inciting to riot?”
I reply no, and it is true. In August I was arrested in Chicago for something similar, “solicitation to mob action,” a violation of a sex statute.
Finally I ask the border official to drop out. “Man, your job is irrelevant,” I say. “The Canadian-American border does not exist. There are no such things as borders. The border exists only in your head.
“No state has the right to ask me these questions. The answers are mine. Next thing I know you guys will be tapping my brain!”
I try to get the cat to take off his uniform right there. But he refuses, saying, “I’ve got a job to do and a family to support.”
So goes the cancer of the Western World: everyone just doing his “Job.” Nobody learned the lesson of Eichmann. Everyone still points the finger elsewhere.
America and the West suffer from a great spiritual crisis. And so the yippies are a revolutionary religious movement.
We do not advocate political solutions that you can vote for. You are never going to be able to vote for the revolution. Get that hope out of your mind.
And you are not going to be able to buy the revolution in a supermarket, in the tradition of our consumer society. The revolution is not a can of goods.
Revolution only comes through personal transformation: finding God and changing your life. Then millions of converts will create a massive social upheaval.
The religion of the yippies is: “RISE UP AND ABANDON THE CREEPING MEATBALL!”
That means anything you want it to mean. Which is why it is so powerful a revolutionary slogan. The best picket sign I ever saw was blank. Next best was: “We Protest__________!”
Slogans like “Get out of Vietnam” are informative, but they do not create myths. They don’t ask you to do anything but carry them.
Political demonstrations should make people dream and fantasize. A religious-political movement is concerned with people’s souls, with the creation of a magic world which we make real.
When the national media first heard our slogan, they reported that the “creeping meatball” was Lyndon Johnson. Which was weird and unfair, because we liked Lyndon Johnson.
We cried when LBJ dropped out. “LBJ, you took us too literally! We didn’t mean YOU should drop out! Where would WE be if it weren’t for you, LBJ?”
Is there any kid in America, or anywhere in the world, who wants to be like LBJ when he grows up?
As a society falls apart, its children reject their parents. The elders offer us Johnsons, Agnews, and Nixons, dead symbols of a dying past.
The war between THEM and US will be decided by the seven-year-olds.
We offer: sex, drugs, rebellion, heroism, brotherhood.
They offer: responsibility, fear, Puritanism, repression.
Dig the movie Wild in the Streets! A teenage rock-and-roll singer campaigns for a Bobby Kennedy-type politician.
Suddenly he realizes: “We’re all young! Let’s run the country ourselves!”
“Lower the voting age to 14!”
“14 or FIGHT!”
They put LSD in the water fountains of Congress and the Congressmen have a beautiful trip. Congress votes to lower the voting age to 14.
The rock-and-roll singer is elected President, but the CIA and military refuse to recognize the vote. Thousands of long-hairs storm the White House, and six die in the siege. Finally the kids take power, and they put all people over 30 into camps and given them LSD every day. (Some movies are even stranger than OUR fantasies.)
“Don’t trust anyone over 30!” say the yippies – a much-quoted warning.
I am four years old.
We are born twice. My first birth was in 1938, but I was reborn in Berkeley in 1964 in the Free Speech movement.
When we say “Don’t trust anyone over 30,” we’re talking about the second birth. I got 26 more years.
When people 40 years old come up to me and say, “Well, I guess I can’t be part of your movement,” I say, “What do you mean? You could have been born yesterday. Age exists in your head.”
Bertrand Russell is our leader. He’s 90 years old.
Another yippie saying is “THE GROUND YOU STAND ON IS LIBEATED TERRITORY!”
Everybody in this society is a policeman. We all police ourselves. When we free ourselves, the real cops take over.
I don’t smoke pot in public often, although I love to. I don’t want to be arrested: that’s the only reason.
I police myself.
We do not own our own bodies.
We fight to regain our bodies…to make love in the parks, say “fuck” on television, do what we want to do whenever we want to do it.
Prohibitions should be prohibited.
Rules are made to be broken.
Never say “no.”
The yippies say: “PROPERTY IS THEFT.’
What America got, she stole.
How was this country built? By the forced labor of slaves. America owes black people billions in compensation.
“Capitalism” is just a polite schoolbook way of saying: “Stealing.”
Who deserves what they get in America? Do the Rockefellers deserve their wealth? HELL NO!
America says that people work only for money. But check it out: those who don’t have money work the hardest, and those who have money take very long lunch hours.
When I was born I had food on my table and a roof over my head. Most babies born in the world face hunger and cold. What is the difference between them and me?
Every well-off white American better ask himself that question or he will never understand why people hate America.
The enemy is this dollar bill right here in my hand.
Now if I get a match, I’ll show you what I think of it.
This burning gets some political radicals very uptight. I don’t know exactly why. They burn a lot of money putting out leaflets nobody reads.
I think it is more important today to burn a dollar bill than it is to burn a draft card.
“Humm, pretty resilient. Hard to burn. Anybody got a lighter?”
We go to the New York Stock Exchange, about 20 of us, our pockets stuffed with dollar bills. We want to throw real dollars down at all those people on the floor playing monopoly games with numbers.
An official stops us at the door and says, “You can’t come in. You are hippies and you are coming to demonstrate.”
With TV cameras flying away, we reply: “Hippies? Demonstrate? We’re Jews. And we’re coming to see the stock market.”
Well, that gets the guy uptight, and he lets us in. We get to the top, and the dollars start raining down on the floor below.
These guys deal in millions of dollars as a game, never connecting it to people starving. Have they ever seen a real dollar bill?
This is what it is all about, you sonavabitches!!”
Look at them: wild animals chasing and fighting each other over dollar bills thrown by the hippies!
And then someone calls the cops . The cops are a necessary part of any demonstration; always include a role for the cops. Cops legitimize demonstrations.
The cops throw us out.
It is noon. Wall Street Businessmen with briefcases and suits and ties. Money freaks going to lunch. Important business deals. Time. Appointments.
And there we are in the middle of it, burning five-dollar bills. Burning their world. Burning their Christ.
“Don’t, Don’t!” some scream, grasping for the sacred paper. Several near fist-fights break out.
We escape with our lives.
Weeks later The New York Times publishes a short item revealing that the New York Stock Exchange is installing a bullet-proof glass window between the visitor’s platform and the floor, so that “nobody can shot a stockbroker.”
In Chicago, 5,000 yuppies come, armed only with our skin. The cops bring tanks, dogs, guns, gas, long-range rifles, missiles. Is this South Vietnam or Chicago? America always overreacts.
The American economy is doomed to collapse because it has no soul. Its stability is war and preparation for war. Consumer products are built to break, and advertising brainwashes us to consume new ones.
The rich feel guilty. The poor are taught to hate themselves. The guilty and the wretched are on a collision course.
If the men who control the technology used it for human needs and not profit and murder, every human being on the planet could be free from starvation. Machines could do most of the world: People would be free to do what they want.
We should be very realistic and demand the impossible. Food, housing, clothing, medicine, and color TV free for all!!
People would work because of love, creativity, and brotherhood. A new economic structure would produce a new man.
That new structure will be created by new men.
American society, because of its Western-Christian-Capitalist bag, is organized on the fundamental premise that man is bad, society evil, and that: People must be motivated and forced by external reward and punishment.
We are a new generation, species, race. We are bred on affluence, turned on by drugs, at home in our bodies, and excited by the future and its possibilities.
Everything for us is an experience, done for love or not done at all.
We live off the fat of society. Our fathers worked all-year round for a two-week vacation. Our entire life is a vacation.
Every moment, every day we decide what we are going to do.
We do not groove with Christianity, the idea that people go to heaven after they are dead. We want HEAVEN NOW!
We do not believe in studying to obtain degrees in school. Degrees and grades are like money and credit, good only for burning.
There is a war going on in the Western world: a war of genocide by the old against the young.
The economy is closed. It does not need us. Everything is built.
So the purpose of universities is: to get us off the streets. Schools are baby-sitting agencies.
The purpose of the Vietnam War is: to get rid of blacks. They are a nuisance. America got the work she needed out of blacks, but now she has no use for them.
It is a psychological war. The old say, “We want you to die for us.” The old send the young to die for the old.
Our response? Draft-card burning and draft dodging! We won’t die for you.
Young whites are dropping out of white society. We are getting our heads straight, creating new identities. We’re dropping out of middle-class institutions, leaving their schools, running away from their homes, and forming our own communities.
We are becoming the new niggers.
I’m getting on a plane en route to Washington. An airline official comes up to me and says, “You can’t go on this airplane.”
“Why not?” I ask.
“Because you smell.”
That’s what they used to say about black people, remember? They don’t say that about black people anymore. They’d get punched in their fucking mouths.
Our long hair communicates disrespect to America. A racist, short-hair society gets freaked by long hair. It blinds people. In Vietnam, America bombs the Vietnamese, but cannot see them because they are brown.
Long-hair is vital to us because it enables us to recognize each other. We have white skin like our oppressors. Long hair ties us together into a visible counter-community.
A car drives down the street, parents in front, and a 15-year-old longhair kid in back. The kid gives me the “V” sign! That’s the kind of communication taking place.
Within our community we have the seeds of a new society. We have our own communications network, the underground press. We have the beginnings of a new family structure in communes. We have our own stimulants.
When the cops broke into my home on the Lower East Side to arrest me for possession of pot, it was like American soldiers invading a Vietnamese village. They experienced cultural shock.
Fidel Castro was on the wall. They couldn’t believe it! Beads! They played with my beads for 20 minutes.
When the cops kidnapped me in Chicago, they interviewed me as if I had just landed from Mars.
“Do you fuck each other?”
“What is it like on LSD?”
“Do you talk directly with the Viet Cong?”
The two generations cannot communicate with one another because of our different historical experiences.
Our parents suffered through the Depression and World War II. We experience the consumer economy and the U.S.A. as a military bully in Vietnam.
From 1964 to 1968 the movement has been involved in the destruction of the old symbols of America. Through our actions we have redefined those symbols for the youth.
Kids growing up today expect school to be a place to demonstrate, sit-in, fight authority, and maybe get arrested.
Demonstrations become the initiation rites, rituals, and social celebrations of a new generation.
Remember the Pentagon, center of the military ego? We urinated on it. Thousands of stone freaks stormed the place, carrying Che’s picture and stuffing flowers in the rifles of the 82nd Airborne.
Remember the Democratic Convention? Who, after Chicago, can read schoolbook descriptions of national political conventions with a straight face anymore? The farce within the convention became clear because of the war between the yippies and the cops in the streets.
We are calling the bluff on myths of America. Once the myth is exposed, the structure behind it crumbles like sand. Chaos results. People must create new realities.
In the process we create new myths, and these new myths forecast the future.
In America in 1969 old myths can be destroyed overnight, and new ones created overnight because of the power of television. By making communications instantaneous, television telescopes the rev solution by centuries. What might have taken 100 years will now take 20. What used to happen in 10 years now happens in two. In a dying society, television becomes a revolutionary instrument.
For her own protection, the government is soon going to have to suppress freedom of the press and take direct control over what goes on television, especially the news.
TV has dramatized the longhair drop-out movement so well that virtually every young kid in the country wants to grow up and be a demonstrator.
What do you want to be when you grow up? A fireman? A cop? A professor?
“I want to grow up and make history.”
Young kids watch TV’s thrill-packed coverage of demonstrations – including the violence and excitement – and dream about being in them. They look like fun.
Mayor Daley put out this television film about Chicago. It had cops beating up young longhairs. In one scene, the cops threw a tear-gas canister into the crowd, and one demonstrator picked it up and heaved it right back.
Who do you think every kid in the country identified with?
Then the announcer said the chiller: “These demonstrations are Communist led!…”
Communism? Who the hell knows from Communism? We never lived thro8ugh Stalin. We read about it, but it doesn’t affect us emotionally. Our emotional reaction to Communism is Fidel marching into Havana in 1959.
There is NO WORD that the Man has to turn off your youth, no scare word.
“They’re for ANARCHY!”
Damn right, we’re for anarchy! This country is fucking over-organized anyway. “DON’T DO THIS! DON”T DO THAT, Don’t!”
Growing up in America is learning what NOT to do.
We say: “DO IT, DO IT. DO WHATEVER YOU WANT TO DO.”
Our battlegrounds are the campuses of America. White middle-class youth are strategically located in the high schools and colleges of this country. They are our power bases.
If one day 100 campuses were closed in a nationally coordinated rebellion, we could force the President of the United States to sue for peace at the conference table.
As long as we are in school we are prisoners. Schools are voluntary jails. We must liberate ourselves.
Dig the geography of a university. You can always tell what the rulers have up their sleeves when you check out the physical environment they create. The buildings tell you how to behave. Then there is less need for burdensome rules and cops. They designed classrooms so that students sit in rows, one after the other, hierarchically facing the professor who stands up front talking to all of them.
Classrooms say:
“Listen to the Professor.
“He teaches you.
“Keep your place.
“Don’t stretch out.
“Don’t lie on the floor.
“Don’t relax.
“Don’t speak out of turn.
“Don’t take off your clothes.
“Don’t get emotional.
“Let the mind rule the body.
“Let the needs of the classroom rule the mind.
Classrooms are totalitarian environments. The main purpose of school and education in America is to force you to accept and love authority, and to distrust your own spontaneity and emot8ons.
How can you grow in such an over-structured environment? You can’t. Schools aren’t for learning.
Classrooms should be organized in circles, with the professor one part of the circle. A circle is a democratic environment.
Try breaking up the environment. Scream “Fuck” in the middle of your prof’s lecture. ‘
So we organized a University of the Flesh. Four of us go into a classroom. We sit in the middle of the class. The lecture is on “Thinking.”
Thinking!
We take off our shirts, smoke joints and start French kissing. A lot of students get nervous. This goes on for 10-15 minutes, and the professor goes on with his lecture like nothing is happening.
Finally a girl says, “The people there are causing a distraction, and could they either put their shirts back on or could they please leave.”
And the prof says, “Well, I agree with that. I think that if you’re not here to hear what I’m saying…”
We shout: “You can’t separate thinking from loving! We are hard in thought!!”
And the prof says, “Well, in my classroom I give the lessons.”
Scratch a professor deep and you find a cop!
Fucking milquetoast! Didn’t have the guts to throw us out, but in his classroom HE GIVES the lesson. So he sends his teaching assistant to get the cops, and we split.
The mind is programmed. Get in there and break that bloody program!
Can you imagine what a feeling a professor has standing in front of a class and looking at a room full of bright faces taking down every word he says, raising their hands and asking questions? It really makes someone think he is God. And to top it off, he has the power to reward and punish you, to decide whether or not you are fit to advance in the academic rat race.
Is this environment the right one for teacher and student?
Socrates is turning in his grave.
I was telling a professor of philosophy at Berkeley that many of his students were wiser men than he, even en though he may have read more books and memorized more theories.
He replied, “Well, I must take the lead in the transfer of knowledge.”
Transfer of knowledge! What is knowledge?
How to Live.
How to Legalize Marijuana.
How to Make a Revolution.
How to Free People from Jail.
How to Organize Against the CIA.
When a professor takes off his suit and tie, and joins us in the streets, then I say, “Hay man, what’s your first name?” You’re my brother. Let’s go. We’re together.”
I don’t dig the “professor” bullshit. I am more interested in a 15-year-old stoned dope freak living on street corners than I am in a Ph.D.
There is anti-intellectualism in America because professors have created an artificial environment. That is why the average working guy does not respect professors.
The university is a protective and plastic scene, shielding people from the reality of life, the reality of suffering, of ecstasy, of struggle. The university converts the agony of life into the securi6ty of words and books.
You can’t learn anything in school. Spend one hour in a jail or a courtroom and you will learn more than in five years spent in a university.
All I learned in school was how to beat the system, how to fake answers. But there are no answers. There are only more questions. Life is a long journey of questions, answered thro8ugh the challenge of living. You would never know that, living in a university ruled by the “right” answers to the wrong questions.
Graffiti in school bathrooms tells you more about what’s on people’s minds than all the books in the library.
We must liberate ourselves. I dropped out. The shit got up to my neck and I stopped eating. I said: NO. NO. NO!! I’m dropping out.
People at Columbia found out what it felt like to learn when they seized buildings and lived in communes for days.
We have to redesign the environment and remake human relationships. But if you try it, you will be kicked out.
You know what professors and deans will say? “Of you don’t like it here, why don’t you go back to Russia!”
A lot is demanded of white, middle-class youth in 1969. The whole thing about technological and bureaucratic society is that it is not made for heroes. We must become heroes.
The young kids living in the streets as new niggers are the pioneers of tomorrow, living dangerously and existentially.
The yippies went to Chicago to have our counter-festival, a “Festival of Life” in the parks of Chicago, as a human contrast to the “Convention of Death” of the Democrats.
I get a phone call on Christmas Day, 1967 from Marvin Garson, the editor of the San Francisco Express-Times, and he says, “Hay, it looks like the Peace and Freedom Party is not going to get on the ballot.”
I say, “I don’t care. I’m not interested in electoral politics anyway.”
And he says, “Let’s run a pig for President.”
An arrow shoots through my brain. Yeah! A pig, with buttons, posters, bumper stickers.
“America, why take half a hog, when you can have the whole hog.”
At the Democratic convention, the pigs nominate the President and he eats the people.
At the yippie convention, we nominate our pig and after he makes his nominating speech, we earth him. The contrast is clear: should the President earth the people or the people earth the President?
Well, we didn’t kill our pig. If there is one issue that could split the yippies, it is the issue of vegetarianism. A lot of yippies don’t believe in killing and eating animals, so I had to be less militant on that point.
We bring Pigasus to Chicago, and he is arrested in Civic Center. The cops grab him. They grab seven of us, and they throw us in the paddy wagon with Pigasus.
The thing about running a pig for President is that it cuts through the shits. People’s minds are full of things like, “You may elect a greater evil.” We must break through their logic. Once we get caught in their logic, we’re trapped in it.
Just freak it all out and proclaim: “This country is run on the principles of garbage. The Democratic and Republican parties have nominated a pig. So have we. We’re honest about it.”
In Chicago, Pigasus was a hell of a lot more effective than all those lackeys running around getting votes for the politicians. It turned out that the pig was more relevant to the current American political scene than Senator Eugene McCarthy. I never thought McCarthy could reform the Democratic Party. Hell, McCarthy barely got into the convention himself. He had to have a ticket. That’s how controlled the damn thing was. Finally, we forced McCarthy out into the streets with the people.
The election was not fair because every time we brought eh pigs out to give a campaign speech, they arrested him. It happened in Chicago, in New York, in San Francisco, even in London.
The yippies asked that the presidential elections be cancelled until the rules of the game were changed. We said that everyone in the role should both in American elections because America controls the world.
Free elections are elections in which the people who vote are the people affected by the results. The Vietnamese have more right to vote in the American elections than some 80-year-old grandmother in Omaha. They’re being bombed by America! They should have at least some choice about it, how, and by whom they are going to be bombed.
I have nothing in particular against 80-year-old grandmothers, but I am in favor of lowering the voting age to 12 or 14 years. And I’m not sure whether people over 50 should vote.
It is the young kids who are going to live in this world in the next 50 years. They should choose what they want for themselves.
Most people over 50 don’t think about the potentialities of the future: they are preoccupied with justifying their past.
The only people who can choose change without suffering blows to their egos are the young, and change is the rhythm of the universe.
Many older people are constantly warning: “The right wing will get you.” “George Wallace will get your momma.”
I am so scared of George Wallace that I wore his fucking campaign button. I went to his campaign rally – all old ladies.
There are six Nazis who come with black gloves and mouthpieces, looking for a fight. And two fights break out. Two guys with long hair beat the shit out of them.
I am not afraid of the right wing because the right wing does not have the youth behind it.
“Straight” people get very freaked by Wallace. “Freaks” know the best way to fuck Wallace up. We support him.
At Wallace’s rally in the Cow Palace in Sand Francisco, we come with signs saying “CUT THEIR HAIR1” “SEND THEM BACK TO AFRICA!” “BOMB THE VIETNAMESE BACK TO THE STONE AGE!”
When we arrive there is a picket line going on in front of the rally. I recognize it is the Communist Party picketing.
What? Picketing Wallace?
I walk up to my friend Bettina Aptheker and say, “Bettina, you’re legitimizing him. You’re legitimizing him by picketing. Instead, support him, kiss him. When he says the next hippie in front of his car will be the last hippie, cheer! Loudly!”
We have about two hundred people there, and we are the loudest people at the rally. Every five seconds we are jumping up and swearing. “Heil! Hitler! Heil! Hitler!”
Wallace is a sick man. America is the loony bin. The only way to cure her is through theatrical shock. Wallace is necessary because he brings to the surface the racism and hate that is deep within the country.
The hippie Fugs spearheaded the anti-war movement of the past five years by touring theaters and dance halls shouting into a microphone: “Kill, Kill, Kill for Peace! Kill, Kill, I’ll for Peace!”
Wallace says aloud what most people say privately. He exposes the beast within liberal America. He embarrasses the liberal who says in one breath, “Oh, I like Negroes,” and then in another breath, “We must eliminate crime in the streets.”
Remember what Huey Long said: “When fascism comes to America, it will come as Americanism.”
Wallace may be the best thing for those of us who are fighting him. You can only fight a disease after you recognize the diagnose it. America does not suffer from a cold: she has cancer.
The liberals who run this country agree with Wallace more than they disagree with him. George tells tales out of school. The liberals are going to have to shut that honest motherfucker up.
Do you dig that most cops support Wallace? Cops – the people who make and enforce the law in the streets! Wallace speaks FOR them.
Isn’t that scary? Can’t you see why blacks are getting guns and organizing into small self-defense units? Wouldn’t you, if you were in their situation? Shouldn’t you be?
Make America see her vampire face in the mirror. Destroy that gap between public talk and private behavior. Only when people see what’s happening can they hear our screams, and feel our passion.
The Vietnam War is an education for America. It is an expansive teaching experience, but the American people are the most brink-washed people in the world.
At least the youth are learning that this country is no paradise – America kills infants and children in Vietnam without blinking. Only professional killers can be so cool.
If you become hip to America in Vietnam, you can understand the reaction against the red-white-and-blue in Latin America, and you can feel why China hates us.
They are not irrational – America is.
Wallace is a left-wing agitator. Dig him. He speaks to the same anxiety and powerlessness that the New Left and yippies talk about.
Do you feel overwhelmed by bigness, including Big Government?
Do you lack control over your own life?
Are you distrustful of the politicians and bureaucrats in Washington?
Are you part of the “little people?”
Wallace stirs the masses. Revolutions should do that too.
When is the left going to produce an inflammatory and authentic voice of the people? A guy who reaches people’s emotions? Who talks about revolution the way some of those nuts rap about Christ?
Wallace says: “We’re against niggers, intellectuals, liberals, hippies.”
Everybody! He puts us all together. He organizes us for us.
We must analyze how America keeps people down. Not by physical force, but by fear. From the second kids are hatched, we are taught fear. If we can overcome fear, we will discover that we are Davids fighting Goliath.
In late September a friend calls and says, “Hay, I just got a subpoena from HUAC.”
I say, “Yeah” I didn’t. What’s going on here? I’m angry. I want a subpoena too.
It’s called subpoenas envy.
So I telephone a confident to the Red Squad, a fascist creep who works for the San Francisco Examiner, and I say, “Hey, Ed, baby, what about HUAC? Are they having hearings?”
He answers, “Well, I don’t know. Are they?”
Well, my friend just got a subpoena.” I say. “I’d like on too. If you can manage it.”
He says, “Call me back in a few hours.”
I call him back that afternoon and he says, “Well, I just talked to HUAC in Washington, and you are right. They are having hearings, and they are looking for you in New York.”
In NEW YORK? I’ve been in Berkeley a week! You guys are sure doing a shitty job trying to save this country!”
We exaggerate the surveillance powers of cops. We shouldn’t. They are lazy. Their laziness may be the one reason why America doesn’t yet have a totally efficient police state.
The cops were not lazy in Chicago. They followed the “leaders” continuously, 24 hours a day. If you are trailed by four cops just six steps behind you, you can’t do very much.
But the people really doing things – why, the cops didn’t even know who they were!
Pigs cannot relate to anarchy. They do not understand a movement based on personal freedom. When they look at our movement, they look for a hierarchy: leaders, lieutenants, followers.
The pigs think that we are organized like a pig department. We are not, and that’s why we are going to win. A hierarchical, top-down organization is no match for the free and loose energy of the people.
As the pigs check with their high-ups to find out what to do next, we have already switched the tactics and scene of the battle. They are watching one guy over there, and it is happening over here!
I come to the HUAC hearings wearing a bandolero of real bullets and carrying a toy M-16 rifle on my shoulder. The rifle was a model of the rifles the Viet Cong steal and then use to kill American soldiers in Vietnam.
The pigs stop me at the door of the hearings. They grab the bullets and the gun. It is a dramatic moment. Press and yippies pack us in tightly. The pigs drag me down three flights of stairs and remove the bullets, leaving the gun, Viet Cong pajamas, Eldridge Cleaver buttons, Black Panther beret, war paint, earrings, bandolero, and the bells which ring every time I move my body. My costume carried a nonverbal message: “We must all become stoned guerrillas.”
The secret to the costume was the painted tits. Guerrilla war in America is going to come in psychedelic colors. We are hippie-guerrillas.
In HUAC’s chambers Abbie Hoffman jumps up and yells out, “May I do to the bathroom?” Young kids reading that in their hometown papers giggle because they have to ask permission every time they want to go to the bathroom in school.
The message of my costume flipped across the country in one day: an example of our use of the enemy’s institutions – her mass media – to turn on and communicate with one another.
I wore a Santa Clause costume to HUAC two months later in a direct attempt to reach the head of every child in the country.
Our victories are catching up with us: America isn’t ready to napalm us yet, but the future doesn’t look easy.
From June to November 1968, when I was helping to organize the demonstrations against the Democratic convention in Chicago, I experienced the following example of Americana:
New York pigs use a phony search warrant to bust into my apartment, question me, beat me, search the apartment and arrest me for alleged felonious possession of marijuana; a pig in Chicago disguises himself as a biker to “infiltrate” the yippies as an agent provocateur and spy; he busts me on a frame-up, “solicitation to mob action,” a felony punishable by five years in the pen; the judge imposes $25,000 bail and restricts my travel to Illinois; then the Justice Department in a document to a Virginia court admits that it maintains “electronic surveillance…of Jerry Rubin..in the interests of national security.”
To try to suppress youth, Nixon will have to destroy the Constitution.
We will be presumed guilty until proven innocent.
Our privacy will vanish. Big Brother will spy on all of us and dominate our lives.
Every cop will become a law until himself.
The courts will become automatic transmission belts sending us to detention camps and prisons.
People will be arrested for what they write and say.
Congress will impose censorship on the mass media, unless the media first censors itself, which is more likely.
To be young will be a crime.
In response, we must never become cynical, or lose our capacity for anger. We must stay on the offensive and be aggressive: AMERICA: IF YOU INJURE ONE, YOU MUST FIGHT ALL.
If our opposition is united, the repression may backfire and fail. The government may find the costs too heavy.
Don’t think, “They can never get ME.”
They can.
You are either on the side of the cops or on the side of human beings.
YIPPIE!
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Youth International Party
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Button
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Physical Object
Subject
The topic of the resource
Counterculture and New Left
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
late-1960s
Abbie Hoffman
absurdism
Alice Torbush
Allen Ginsberg
Aron Kay
Ben Masel
Betty (Zaria) Andrew
Bob Fass
Brenton Lengel
Chicago '68
counterculture
Daisy Deadhead
Dana Beal
David Peel
Democratic Party
demonstration
Dennis Peron
Disneyland
Ed Rosenthal
Ed Sanders
Festival of Life
First International Pow-Wow
Fuck the System
guerilla theater
Jerry Rubin
Jill Johnston
John Murdock
John Sinclair
Jonah Raskin
Judy Gumbo
Judy Lampe
Leatrice Urbanowicz
Levitation
LSD
marijuana
Matthew Landy Steen
New Left
New York
New York Stock Exchange
Paul Krasner
Pentagon
Phil Ochs
Pigasus
Revolution for the Hell of It
Richard Daley
Robert M. Ockene
Robin Morgan
Steal This Book
Steve Conliff
Steve DeAngelo
Stew Albert
Tom Forcade
Tuli Kupferberg
Walli Leff
Wavy Gravy
William Kunstler
Woodstock Nation
Yippies
Yuppie
-
https://rozsixties.unl.edu/files/original/f2e58c393ac1eeb600e7d617297393ca.jpg
c0a679082bcf5bd6f83c98d523574763
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Posters and Graphic Design
Description
An account of the resource
The movements of the Sixties produced a rich history of political posters and other graphic arts. These posters were hung in political offices, bookstores, bedrooms and in public. The posters collected here include designs related to the anti-war movement, Black Power, women’s liberation, the Yippies, counterculture, the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, anti-imperialism, the Cuban Revolution, environmentalism, Bernie Sanders’ elections for Burlington mayor, anti-communism, the labor movement, corporate inequality, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and other topics. Of particular note are a series of posters created by the OSPAAAL, the Organisation in Solidarity with the People of Africa, Asia and Latin America, the main publisher of international solidarity posters in Cuba.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Physical Object
An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Youth International Party Manifesto!
Subject
The topic of the resource
New Left
Description
An account of the resource
The Youth International Party, known as the "Yippies," was founded in 1967 by Abbie and Anita Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Nancy Kurshan, and Paul Krassner. Other activists involved with the Yippies included, Stew Albert, Ed Rosenthal, Allen Ginsberg, Ed Sanders, Robin Morgan, Phil Ochs, Robert M. Ockene, William Kunstler, Jonah Raskin, Steve Conliff, John Sinclair, Dana Beal, Betty (Zaria) Andrew, Matthew Landy Steen, Judy Gumbo, Ben Masel, Tom Forcade, David Peel, Wavy Gravy, Aron Kay, Tuli Kupferberg, Jill Johnston, Daisy Deadhead, Leatrice Urbanowicz, Bob Fass, John Murdock, Alice Torbush, Judy Lampe, Walli Leff, Steve DeAngelo, Dennis Peron, and Brenton Lengel. According to Krasner, who coined the term, Yippies were “radicalized hippies.” In a 2007 essay in the Los Angeles Times, Krasner explained, "We needed a name to signify the radicalization of hippies, and I came up with Yippie as a label for a phenomenon that already existed, an organic coalition of psychedelic hippies and political activists. In the process of cross-fertilization at antiwar demonstrations, we had come to share an awareness that there was a linear connection between putting kids in prison for smoking pot in this country and burning them to death with napalm on the other side of the planet." Further, Anita Hoffman liked the term, but felt that "strait-laced types" needed a more formal name to take the movement seriously. She came up with "Youth International Party," because it symbolized the movement and made for a good play on words. Some referred to the group as "Yippie!," as in a shout for joy (with an exclamation mark to express exhilaration). As Abbie Hoffman wrote, "What does Yippie! mean?" Energy – fun – fierceness – exclamation point!"
The Yippies were influenced by The Diggers in San Francisco and often used guerilla theater, pranks, absurdist forms of protest, as well as political and cultural disruption in their activism. They sought to merge the personal with the political… and have fun in the process. ABC News once stated, "The group was known for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the 'Groucho Marxists'." Among their many storied antics, the Yippies suggested lacing the New York City water supply with LSD, sent joints to hundreds of random people in New York from the telephone book, threw fake money on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange and suggested a circle of hippies could “levitate” the Pentagon during an October 1967 protest. The Yippies understood the dominant role of mass media and television in contemporary society and often went on television, but refused to obey the normal rules of corporate TV production, hoping to “break the frame” and reveal to audiences the constructed nature of mass media. The Yippies were also involved in the underground press movement. Much of the writing and visual culture they produced consisted of obscenity-laced diatribes against mainstream society, but made few serious calls to militant action.
Abbie Hoffman and the Yippies first suggested a “Festival of Life” in the park outside of the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. They also planned to nominate a pig, nicknamed “Pigasus,” for President. Other New Left organizations joined the effort, which ultimately descended into chaos when Chicago police, at the order of authoritarian Democratic Mayor Richard Daley, attacked and brutally beat demonstrators in front of reporters and television cameras, causing an international controversy. In the melee, many Yippies were injured and arrested, including Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, who were put on trial as a part of what become known as the Chicago 7.
In 1970, an estimated 200-300 members of the Yippies descended on the Disneyland amusement park in Anaheim, California, to hold what was billed as their “First International Pow-Wow” to protest the U.S.’s continuing involvement in the Vietnam War and to liberate Disneyland as a symbol of the establishment. Hoffman authored a pamphlet in 1967, titled, “Fuck the System”; two books, “Revolution for the Hell of It” (1968) and “Steal This Book” (1971); and an LP record, “Woodstock Nation: A Talk-Rock Album” (1969).
The Yippies began to fragment and disintegrate during the 1970s. A disillusioned Hoffman committed suicide in 1989. Jerry Rubin became a “Yuppie” during the 1980s, embracing capitalism and starting a number of businesses. He was killed in 1994 when he was struck by a car. Even so, a number of Yippie followers have carried on in the same spirit.
Along the bottom right of this poster, it reads: “more copies: YIP 333 East 5th Street, NYC."
The main text on the poster is the Youth International Party Manifesto and it reads:
YOUTH INTERNATIONAL PARTY
MANIFESTO!
WE ARE A PEOPLE
We are a new nation.
We believe in life.
And we want to live now.
We want to be alive 24 hours a day.
Nine-to-five Amerika doesn't even live on weekends.
Amerika is a death machine. It is run
on and for money whose power
determines a society based on war,
racism, sexism, and the destruction
of the planet. Our life-energy is the
greatest threat to the machine.
So they're out to stop us.
They have to make us like them.
They cut our hair, ban our music
festivals, put cops and narcs in the
schools, put 200,000 of us in jail
for smoking flowers, induct us,
housewive us, Easy-Rider murder us.
Amerika has declared war on our New Nation!
WE WILL BUILD AND DEFEND OUR NEW NATION
But we will continue to live and grow. We are young, we have beautiful
ideas about the way we should live. We want everyone to control their
own life and to care for one another. And we will defend our freedom
because we can’t live any other way.
We will continue to seize control of our minds and our bodies. We can't
do it in their schools, so we'll take them over or create our own. We
can't do it in their Army, so we'll keep them from taking our brothers.
We can't make it in their jobs, so we'll work only to survive. We can't
relate to each other like they do - our nation is based on cooperation
not competition.
We will provide for all that we need to build and defend our nation. We
will teach each other the true history of Amerika so that we may learn
from the past to survive in the present. We will teach each other the
tactics of self-defense. We will provide free health services: birth
control and abortions, drug information, medical care, that this society
is not providing us with.
We will begin to take control of drug manufacture and distribution, and
stop the flow of bad shit. We will make sure that everyone has a decent
place to live: we will fight landlords, renovate buildings, live
communally, have places for sisters and brothers from out-of-town, and
for runaways and freed prisoners. We will set up national and
international transport and communication so we can be together with our
sisters and brothers from different parts of the country and the world.
We will fight the unnatural division between cities and country by
facilitating travel and communication
. We will end the domination of women by men, and children by adults.
The well-being of our nation is the well-being of all peace-loving
people.
WE WILL HAVE PEACE
We cannot tolerate attitudes, institutions, and machines whose purpose
is the destruction of life and the accumulation of "profit.”
Schools and universities are training us for roles in Amerika's empire
of endless war. We cannot allow them to use us for the
military-industrial profiteers.
Companies that produce waste, poisons, germs, and bombs have no place in
this world.
We are living in the capital of the world war being waged against life.
We are not good Germans. We who are living in this strategic center of
Babylon must make it our strategic center. We can and must stop the
death machine from butchering the planet.
We will shut the motherfucker down!
WE WILL MAKE OUR NEW NATION FIT FOR LIVING THINGS
We will seize Amerika’s technology and use it to build a nation based on
love and respect for all life.
Our new society is not about the power of a few men but the right of all
humans, animals and plants to play out their natural roles in harmony.
We will build our communities to reflect the beauty inside us.
People all over the world are fighting to keep Amerika from turning
their countries into parking lots!
WE WILL BE TOGETHER WITH ALL THE TOGETHER PEOPLES OF THE EARTH
Pig Empire is ravaging the globe, but the beautiful people everywhere
are fighting back. New Nation is one with the black, brown, red & yellow
nations.
Che said:
'You North Americans are very lucky. You live in the middle of the
beast. You are fighting the most important fight of all, If I had my
wish, I would go back with you to North Amerika to fight there. I envy
you.' "
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Yippies
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Roz Payne
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1968
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
poster
“Festival of Life”
Abbie Hoffman
Alice Torbush
Allen Ginsberg
Anaheim
Anita Hoffman
Anti-War
Aron Kay
Ben Masel
Betty (Zaria) Andrew
Bob Fass
Brenton Lengel
California
Chicago '68
Chicago 7
counterculture
Daisy Deadhead
Dana Beal
David Peel
Democratic Party
Dennis Peron
Disneyland
Ed Rosenthal
Ed Sanders
Fuck the System
Jerry Rubin
Jill Johnston
John Murdock
John Sinclair
Jonah Raskin
Judy Gumbo
Judy Lampe
Leatrice Urbanowicz
Los Angeles Times
LSD
manifesto
marijuana
Matthew Landy Steen
Nancy Kurshan
New Left
New York
New York Stock Exchange
Paul Krassner
Pentagon
Phil Ochs
Pigasus
Revolution for the Hell of It
Richard Daley
Robert M. Ockene
Robin Morgan
Situationist International
Steal This Book
Steve Conliff
Steve DeAngelo
Stew Albert
The Diggers
Tom Forcade
Tuli Kupferberg
Vietnam War
Walli Leff
Wavy Gravy
William Kunstler
Woodstock Nation
Yippies
Youth International Party
Yuppie